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Music History 1 > Baroque > Flashcards

Baroque Flashcards

1
Q

What is the genre of Spring

A

violin concerto

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2
Q

who wrote spring and when

A

Vivaldi, 1725

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3
Q

what is the subtitle of the collection that Spring from the Four seasons comes from

A

il cimento dell’armonia e dell’invenzione

The contest between harmony and inspiration

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4
Q

name a programmatic work from the baroque era

A

Spring from the Four Seasons

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5
Q

what is the inspiration for The Four seasons

A

a collection of sonnets, written by Vivaldi describing the four seasons.
Text was printed in the original score

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6
Q 
Spring--4 Seasons, First movement
key:
tempo:
time sig:
form
A

key: E major
tempo: allegro
time: C
form: Ritornello form

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7
Q

spring, first movement

text:

A

spring has arrived, birds celebrate, murmuring streams

storm clouds and thunder and lightning

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8
Q

how does the music portray the text in spring first movememnt

A

spring has arrived- spirited rhythmic igures, bright character and a dance-like quality
birds celebrate: high pitched trills, repeated note figures
murmuring streams: rapid undulating figure in violins
thunder and lightning: tremolando passages and ascending thirty-second note scales

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9
Q

what is the instrumentation for Spring-Vivaldi

A

solo violin, strings and continuo (ripieno)

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10
Q 
spring--4 seasons Second movement
key:
tempo:
time sig:
form:
A

key: C# minor
tempo: largo
time: 3/4
form: 2 part structure

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11
Q

how is the instrumentation different in the second movement of Spring?

A

no cello or continuo

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12
Q

spring second movement text:

A

goatherd sleeps in a meadow with his faighful dog

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13
Q

how is the text of the second movement of spring portrayed in the music

A

violins languorous melody represents the sleeping goatherd

viola ostinato represents the barking dog

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14
Q 
spring--4 seasons Third movement
key:
tempo:
time sig:
form:
A

key: E major
tempo: allegro
time: 12/8
form: ritornello form

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15
Q

spring 4 seasons third movment text:

A

nymphs and shepherds welcome spring and dance to the rustic bagpipe sound

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16
Q

how does the music portray the text in Spring- third music

A

bass notes create the drone of the bagpipes

the melody has a rustic dance character with dotted eighth note figure.

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17
Q

Bach Dates

A

1685-1750

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18
Q

where was bach born

A

Eisenach, Germany

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19
Q

did bach have a musical family

A

yes, family profession for 5 generations. father was court trumpeter

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20
Q

describe bachs early life

A

orphaned at age 10
his oldest brother taught him music
sang in choirs, became an accomplished violinist and organist
trained in instrument building and repair

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21
Q

name the 4 cities Bach worked

A

Arstadt, Mulhausen 1703-1708
Weimar 1708-1717
Cothen 1717-1723
Leipzig 1723-1750

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22
Q

Bach in Arnstadt, Mulhausen
dates:
work:
significant:

A

1703-08
court violinist, chamber musician and organist
met famous organist Buxtehude in Lubeck
married marie Barbara. 2 of their children became successful musicians

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23
Q

name 2 of bachs children who became successful musicians

A

Carl Philip Emanuel

Wilhelm Friedemann

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24
Q

Who did Bach meet in Lubeck

A

famous organist Buxtehude

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25
Q 
Bach in Weimar 
dates:
patrons
duties
compositions
A

1708-17
patrons: Duke of Weimar
duties: employed at church, composed and taught, and was court organist
compositions: many organ works- ie Fugues.
Sinfonia in F major.

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26
Q 
Bach in Cothen
dates:
patron:
duties:
compositions:
other:
A

dates: 1717-23
patron: Prince Leopold
duties: Kappelmeister
compositions: solo and chaber works. -The Well-Tempered Clavier book 1
6 Brandenburg concerti
6 French suites
6 English Suites
other: married Anna Magdalena

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27
Q 
Bach in Leipzig
dates
work: 
compositions
other:
A

dates: 1723-50 (died there)
work: cantor at St.Thomas school- taught, composed, many musical responsibilities
director of collegium musicum
supervised music for 4 main churches in city
compositions: Well Tempered Clavier book 2
The Art of fugue
St Johns Passion
Goldberg Variations
other: son CPE worked for Frederick the great, bach visited and wrote The Musical Offering for the king.

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28
Q

Bachs musical style

A

perfected existing styles rather than develop new ones
inspire from his personal faith as a devout Lutheran
dedicated all works to the glory of god
master of contrapuntal art
Virtuoso organist
absorbed international styles- german, French, italian

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29
Q

What genres did bach compose for

A

keyboard works: WTC, 6 French Suites, 6 English suites
organ works; toccatas and fugues
chamber music: cello suites
orchesetral works: 6 Brandenburg Concertos
Vocal works: 200 Cantatas, passions- St. Johns passion

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30
Q

describe what Bach did for work in Arnstadt/Mulhausen

A

court violinist, chmber musician and organist.

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31
Q

describe what Bach did for work in Leipzig

A

cantor at st Thomas school-many musical responsibilities
director of collegium musicum
supervised music for 4 main churches in the city

32
Q

name some compositions Bach wrote in each city
Weimar
Cothen
Leipzig

A

Weimar: sinfonia in F+
Cothen: suites, Brandenburg concertos, WTC 1
Leipzig: WTC 2, art of Fugue, St. John’s Passion

33
Q 
Prelude (Bach)
key: 
time:
texture:
structure:
A

key: Bb major
time: C
texture: homophonic and polyphonic
structure: Binary

34
Q

Prelude (bach)

tempo:

A

tempo: not specifically indicated, but the style implies a quick tempo, in the manner of a toccata, a fast keyboard work demonstrating virtuosic, improvisatory style

35
Q

Prelude (bach)

A section

A

Broken chord passages played in thirty-second notes, sequentially.
polyphonic texture

36
Q

prelude (Bach)

B section

A

Arpeggiated seventh chords
homophonic texture
toccata style continues with use of cadenza like runs

37
Q

describe the feel of the prelude from the prelude and fugue in Bb major

A

light, joyful feel.

improvisatory style contrast the structured fugue to follow

38
Q

how is virtuosity highlighted in the prelude (bach)

A

rapid pace, candezas and thiry-second notes

39
Q 
Fugue
key:
time:
texture:
tempo:
A

key: Bb major
time: 3/4
texture: polyphonic, 3 voice
tempo: fast, but bach does not give tempo directions anywhere in the score

40
Q

what type of answer and countersubject is used in the fugue in Bb major

A

tonal answer

two countersubjects simultaneously throughout, accompany the subject and answer

41
Q

describe the fugal exposition (fugue in Bb major)

A

subject (unusually long)presente in top voice, in Bb major
Tonal answer in the middle voice, in the dominant key
Countersubject two in top voice, subject in bass

42
Q

Middle section (fugue in Bb major)

A

two episodes, many key modulations

no stretti

43
Q

Describe the ending of the fugue in Bb major

A

tonal answer reaffirms home key of Bb major

ends with a Coda.

44
Q

Handel dates

A

1685-1759

45
Q

where was handel born

A

halle, germany

46
Q

describe handels early life

A

father was a prosperous barber surgeon, but discouraged son from pursuing music,
Handel studies law at university of halle. pursued music professionally after fathers sdeath

47
Q

Name 4 placed handel lived and worked

A

Hamburg 1703-1706
Italy 1706-1710
Hanover 1710-1712
London 1712-1759

48
Q

Handel in Hamburg

dates, work and compositions

A

1703-1706
worked in opera orchestra
composed his first operas: Almira, Nero

49
Q

Handel in Italy

dates, work and musical influence

A

1706-1710
worked for prince Ferdinand medici, prince ruspoli and more
absorbed Italian msical style and language that would influence his operas, oratrios and concertos

50
Q

Handel in Hanover

dates and work

A

1710-1712

kappelmeister to George ludiwg (later became king George 1)

51
Q

Handel in London

dates, work, compositions, style

A

1712-1759
salary awarded by queen anne.
had many other royal commissions and patrons including earl of Burlington, and duke of chandos
composed: giulio Cesare, serse
turned to writing oratorios and concertos as popularity of Italian opera faded

52
Q

who did Handel work with in London

A

many leading singers of the day: incl Bordoni, cuzzoni

53
Q

what did Handel co found and why

A

Royal Acaemy of Music to promote italian opera in london

54
Q

when and where did Messiah premiere

A

1742 in Dublind, Ireland

55
Q

Handels musical style

A

absorbed international styles of the day: german counterpoint, Italian opera, French overture
used Homorhythmic and contrapuntal textures
the use of basic elements made his style more accessible and appealing to the less-musical audience
pageantry and dramatic style
word painting

56
Q

how did handel create a sense of pageantry and dramatic style

A

through grandiose gestures such as use of a full SATB chorus and bold contrast of dynamics

57
Q

what genres did Handel compose for

A

operas: Almira, Nero, Serse, Giulio Cesare
oratorios: Messiah, Israel in Egypt
Sacred vocal works: Ta Deum
keyboard works: organ, harpsichord
orchestral works: Water Music
chamber music.

58
Q

Describe the end of Handels life

A

he started to go blind in his later years.

He never married but died wealthy.

59
Q 
Messiah
genre:
premiere date and place:
librettist:
Source of text:
structure:
A

genre: oratorio
premiere: 1742, Dublin
Librettist: Charles Jennens
source of text: biblical, old and new testament
structure: 3 parts (1. prophecy of jesus coming, 2. christs suffering and death, 3. worlds redemption through faith)

60
Q

Messiah

name 5 parts

A 
overture
there were shepherds-recitative
glory to god-chorus
Rejoice Greatly- da capo aria
hallelujah- chorus
61
Q 
messiah-overture
original title:
genre:
Form:
Key:
Time:
A 
original title: Sinfony
genre: French overture
Form: A(repeated) B
Key:E minor
Time: C
62
Q 
Messiah- Overture
A section 
tempo:
texture:
musical features
A

grave
homophonic
dotted rhythms, some performances ‘double dot’
dramatic, serious, majestic affection

63
Q 
Messiah overture
B section
tempo: 
texture:
musical features
A

tempo: allegro moderato
texture: polyphonic (fugal) 3 voices
subject first introduced in the 1st violins and oboes.
Tonal answer
forward motion, energetic while maintain the majestic affection

64
Q

name a recitative from the Messiah

A

there were shepherds….

65
Q 
there were shepherds
secco or accompagnato?
key
tempo
time sig
A

recitativo secco

key: C major
tempo: not indicated
time: C

66
Q

what is the genre of Glory to god from messiah?

A

chorus

67
Q 
glory to god (messiah)
key
tempo
time
texture
musical features
A 
D major
allegro
C
alternates Homorhythmic and polyphonic
uses many examples of word painting
68
Q

what are some examples of word painting from the glory to god chorus in Messiah

A

‘Glory to god in the highest and peace on earth” high is high and forte, while earth is low and piano

69
Q

What is the genre of Rejoice Greatly from messiah?

A

da capo aria

70
Q 
rejoice greatly (messiah)
key
tempo
time
form
A

Bb major
allegro
c
ABA1

71
Q 
rejoice greatly (messiah)
describe each section
A

A section:
extensive use of melisma. ‘rejoice’ continues on running sixteenth notes
B Section:
key changes to G minor
contrasts the a section with a slower tempo, minor key, and calmer vocal line
A section returns with ornamentation

72
Q

what are some examples of word painting in rejoice greatly (messiah)

A

rejoice (melisma) -describes the joyfulness of the rejoicing

shout- sung on a high F, strong

73
Q 
Hallelujah (messiah)
key
tempo
time sig
texture
A

key: D minor
tempo: allegro
time: C
texture: alternates homophonic and polyphonic

74
Q

hallelujah chorus
a)”hallelujah”
b) “and he shall reign forever and ever”
homo or poly phonic?

A

a) homophonic

b) polyphonic (imitative)

75
Q

Hallelujah (messiah)

how is the climax created?

A

a rest- moment of silence before the final hallelujah and the timpani and trumpets add more intensity

Music History 1 (7 decks)

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