Anterior Thigh

Question 1

Which dermatome covers the knee?

Answer 1

L4

Question 2

Describe the main arteries of the anterior thigh?

Answer 2

external iliac (changes name once crosses illium/pubis to femoral)
femoral a. (changes name to popliteal once goes through adductor hiatus)
profunda femoris a (deep femoral) (off femoral)
popliteal a.

Question 3

Describe the superficial anterior and posterior veins.

Answer 3

anterior- greater saphenous vein (medial side, goes to femoral vein)

posterior side of leg- small saphenous vein (comes off popliteal v above knee)

Question 4

Which are the two muscles that have dual innervation in anterior thigh?

Answer 4

pectineus (femoral and obturator) 
adductor magnus (obturator and tibial of sciatic)

Question 5

Describe the three main nerves of the anterior thigh.

Answer 5

sciatic (tibial and fibular) -posterior
femoral- anterior
obturator- medial

Question 6

Describe the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

Answer 6

flexion of thigh and extension of leg (femoral n)

vastus lateralis m.
vastus intermedius m.
rectus femoris m.
vastus medialis m.
sartorius m.

Question 7

Describe the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh.

Answer 7

adduction of thigh (obturator n)
(deep femoral a and v.)

adductor longus m.
adductor brevis m.
adductor magnus m.
gracilis m.
obturator externus
pectineus
illiopsoas

Question 8

Describe the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Answer 8

extension of thigh and flexion of leg (sciatic n)

short head of biceps femoris m.
long head of biceps femoris m.
sciatic n.
semimembranosus m.
semitendinosus m.

Question 9

Describe the actions of the sartorius and rectus femoris.

Answer 9

both cross hip joint and act at the hip (flex thigh) and at the knee

(rectus femoris extends leg; sartorius flexes leg)

Question 10

What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps.

Answer 10

rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius

(femoral n!)

Question 11

What do the vastus muscles act to do?

Answer 11

only extend leg at knee. NOT hip flexion

Question 12

Describe adductor longus, brevis, and magnus.

Answer 12

The three adductors are used in all movements where the thighs are adducted. They act as stabilizers during flexion and extension; Longus and Magnus are active during medial rotation; Ischiocondylar portion of Magnus aids the hamstrings in extending the thigh.

Question 13

Describe gracilis muscle.

Answer 13

acts at both the hip and the knee, but is chiefly an adductor and medial rotator of the thigh (flexor of leg), and functions primarily during the swing phase of walking.

Question 14

What is the adductor canal bounded by laterally, posteriorly, superiorly? What does it contain?

Answer 14

laterally by vastus medialis
posteriorly by add. longus and magnus
superiorly by Sartorius mm.

contains femoral A and V.

Question 15

What do iliopsoas (and pectineus) act on?

Answer 15

only on hip joint

Question 16

When does the femoral artery change its name?

Answer 16

when it slips through the adductor hiatus then changes name to popliteal

Question 17

Describe the femoral triangle boundaries.

Answer 17

superiorly - inguinal ligament
laterally- sartorius muscle
medially - medial edge of adductor longus muscle
floor- iliopsoas, pectinueus, and adductor longus muscles

Question 18

What is contained within the femoral triangle?

Answer 18

the terminal part of the femoral n., femoral artery, femoral vein, and deep inguinal lymph nodes (NAVL- from lateral to medial)

Question 19

Describe the pathway of the femoral artery.

Answer 19

Is a continuation of the external iliac artery distal to the inguinal ligament; Continues down the anterior thigh through the adductor canal and runs through the adductor hiatus where it becomes the popliteal artery.

Question 20

Describe the key branches of the femoral artery.

Answer 20

Deep femoral a. (see below)

Superficial epigastric a. - travels superiorly in the superficial fascia toward the umbilicus

Superficial circumflex iliac a. - extends superolateral toward the iliac crest, will anastamos with deep circumflex iliac a.

Superficial external pudendal a. - extends medially to the skin overlying the external genitalia

Deep external pudendal a. - deep to the superficial external pudendal a.

Descending genicular a. - branches just proximal to the adductor hiatus and descends into the knee

Question 21

Describe the deep femoral artery.

Answer 21

Branches off the femoral a. 1-2 in from the inguinal ligament; Runs between the pectineus and adductor longus muscles as it descends the thigh.

Question 22

What are the key branches of the deep fermoral artery?

Answer 22

Medial circumflex femoral a. - Travels medially and posteriorly to the pectineus m. and enters the gluteal region
SUPPLIES MOST OF THE BLOOD TO THE HEAD AND NECK OF THE FEMUR

Lateral circumflex femoral a. - Extends laterally deep to sartorius and rectus femoris mm.
Will give off a descending branch which will contribute to the genicular anastomoses

Perforating aa. - numbered 1-4 (superior to inferior) they pierce the adductor magnus m. and continue to the hamstrings

Question 23

What three muscles insert on the same area below knee on tibia to form a fasica?

Answer 23

sartorius
gracilis
semitendineous

SGT FOT