Last Friday Path

Question 1

bronchi vs bronchiole

Answer 1

bronchi have cartilage

bronchiole do not

Question 2

bronchiectasis is what

Sx

Answer 2

permanent dilation of the bronchioles

chronic cough, very mucopirulent sputum production

assc with cystic fibrosis, airway obstruction in kids, tumor

Question 3

disease where the alveoli dissolve and the air space in the lung is enlarged

Answer 3

emphysema - related to cigs

Question 4

what cells aren’t making surfactant in a preme with respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 4

Type II pneumocyte

Question 5

how do you measure the degree on pulmonary obstruction

Answer 5

Forced expiratory volume in one second

FEV1

usually do it as FEV1 / FVC (forced vital capacity)

if it’s less than like 70%, they it’s for sure an obstructive lung disease

Question 6

if you give someone a bronchodilator and their FEV1 increases, what is going on>?

Answer 6

they have an obstructive pulmonary disease

so not emphysema, which is due to alveolar destruction

Question 7

atelectasis

Answer 7

a complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung

Question 8

ARDS

Answer 8

acute respiratory distress syndrome

like preme RDS but in adults.

non cardiogenic pulmonary edema. microvascular and alveolar capillary injury due to things like sepsis, trauma, shock

Question 9

transudate vs exudate

common examples to invade the plural space

Answer 9

transudate is mostly water - CHF

exudate has a buncha crud in it - parapneumonic/empyema, malignant neoplasm)

Question 10

what labs do you see in B12/ folate deficient anemia

Answer 10

megaloblastic anemia

hypersegmented neutrophils

Question 11

what lung infections can you get from bat guano

Answer 11

histoplasmosis

Question 12

lung infections from rotting wood piles

Answer 12

blastomycosis

Question 13

lung infection from sand in the southwest region

Answer 13

coccidiomycosis

Question 14

barrel chest

what u thinking

Answer 14

emphysema

Question 15

when

Answer 15

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 16

in asthmatics, what type of spore are you thinking of

Answer 16

aspergillus

Question 17

what causes destruction of the alveolar sac in emphysema

Answer 17

elastolytic proteinases degrade natural anti-proteinase protection which leads to a “progressive acinar destruction” (acinar is latin for berry)

Question 18

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency causes early onset

Answer 18

emphysema

all over the lungs, not just the top of bottom!

Question 19

in cig smoke emphysema what part of the lungs take the brunt of the destruction

Answer 19

upper lobes

Question 20

emphysematous patient develops accelrated SOB, what are you thinking

Answer 20

subpleural bleb rupture causing pneumothorax

Question 21

if you look at someone’s lung under the microscope who had lung problems and you don’t see any inflamation, what is it?

Answer 21

emphysema

Question 22

central acinar or common emphysema prefers what part of the lungs

Answer 22

upper

Question 23

pure bronchitics used to be called what

pure emphysematous patients were called what

Answer 23

blue bloaters

pink puffers (breathing shallow and frequently)

Question 24

primary ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 24

kartagener’s syndrome (missing the dynein arm in cillia)

also presents with sinus invertus

Question 25

if you see lobar pneumonia in an otherwise healthy person what are you thinking

Answer 25

pneumococcus (streptococcus pneumo)

Question 26

empyema

Answer 26

pleural space fills with pus