Arthrology Part 2

Question 1

What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties

Answer 1

cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property

Question 2

what is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties

Answer 2

cartilage can deform and return to original volume slowly, a time dependent property

Question 3

Which theory of joint lubrication implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid

Answer 3

weeping theory

Question 4

Which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss from the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining fluid

Answer 4

boosted theory

Question 5

Which theory of joint lubrication implies an ADsorbtion of lubricant onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement

Answer 5

boundary theory

Question 6

What are the properties of synovial fluid

Answer 6

it is yellow-white viscous, slightly alkaline, and tastes salty

Question 7

Which substance in synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior

Answer 7

hylauronate

Question 8

which substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior

Answer 8

lubricin

Question 9

What is a simple synovial joint (diarthrosis)

Answer 9

only one pair of articulating surfaces are observed

Question 10

What is a compound synovial joint (diarthrosis)

Answer 10

more than two articulating surfaces are present in the same synovial joint

Question 11

What is a complex synovial joint (Diarthrosis)

Answer 11

within the simple or compound joint, the articulating surfaces are seperated by an articular disc (intra-articular disc) or meniscus

Question 12

What are the classifications of synovial joints (diarthroses) based on type of movement)

Answer 12

nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial synovial joints

Question 13

What movements are accommodated by nonaxial synovial joints

Answer 13

translational movement, a plane or gliding movement

Question 14

What morphological classification of synovial joints is classified as nonaxial

Answer 14

plane (diarthrosis arthrodial)

Question 15

What movements are accommodated by uniaxial synovial joints

Answer 15

a single combination of movements relative to a single axis: flexion extension or medial-lateral rotation

Question 16

What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as uniaxial

Answer 16

hinge (diarthrosis ginglymus) and pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)

Question 17

What movements are accommodated by biaxial synovial joints

Answer 17

movement in two independent planes at right angles to each other: flexion-extension combined with abduction and adduction

Question 18

What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as biaxial

Answer 18

(Diarthrosis) bicondylar, (diarthrosis) condylar, (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal and saddle (diarthrosis Sellar)

Question 19

What morphological classification of synovial joints would be classified as multiaxial

Answer 19

ball and socket (diarthrosis enarthrosis), (diarthrosis spheroidal), (diarthrosis cotyloid) are all classifications given to the same type of joint

Question 20

What are examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joints

Answer 20

most zygapophyses of the vertebral column intercarpal, carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints of the hand inter cuneiform, tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints of the foot.

Question 21

What are examples of synovial hinge (diarthrosis ginglymus) joints

Answer 21

humero-ulnar joint of the elbow and interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes

Question 22

What are examples of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints

Answer 22

median atlanto-axial joint and proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 23

What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints

Answer 23

an osseous pivot point and an osteo-ligamentous ring

Question 24

What are examples of diarthrosis condylar or diarthrosis bicondylar joints

Answer 24

temporomandibular joint and femur-tibia joint of the knee

Question 25

What are examples of diarthrosis ellipsoidal joints

Answer 25

radiocarpal joint of the wrist,
metacarpo-phalangeal joints of the hand, metatarsal-phalangeal joints of the foot
atlanto-occipital joint of the vertebral column

Question 26

Which synovial joint classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks

Answer 26

ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints

Question 27

What are examples of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joints

Answer 27

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
talocrural joint of the ankle
calcaneocuboid joint of the foot

Question 28

What are examples of diarthrosis cotyloid joint

Answer 28

femur-acetabulum of the inominate articulation at the hip

humerus-glenoid cavity of the scapula articulation at the shoulder