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Dermatology > Patent wth Localized or Generalized Alopecia > Flashcards

Patent wth Localized or Generalized Alopecia Flashcards

1
Q

definition of alopecia

A

hair loss from areas of the body where it is normally present

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2
Q

Categories of hair loss

A

decreased hair numbers, hair maturation, hair breakage
Local or generalized
inflamm or non-inflamm

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3
Q

the 3 major causes of localized alopecia

A

3 major causes of folliculitis which are…

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4
Q

diagnostics that are important with focal or MF hair loss…. Others for maybe more generalized can be

A

Skin scrapings, cytology, fungal culture, trichography

general CBC, UA, chem
Endocrine testing

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5
Q

How to know if the hair is lost by self-trauma or follicular dysplasia?

A 
tips broken (self)
tips tapered (dysplasia)
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6
Q

What is the trichography sensitive to

A

can detect self-trauma vs. foll dysplasia
can pick up demodex
dermatophytosis
the stage of hair growth

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7
Q

Major differentials for Alopecia (13)

A
  1. Folliculitis (bacteria, Demodex, dermatophytes)
  2. Vaccine-associated ischemic dermatopathy
  3. familial canine dermatomyositis
  4. Hyperadrenocort
  5. hypothyroid
    6, Alopecia X
  6. Cyclic Flank Alopecia
  7. Pattern Baldness
  8. Color dilution alopecia - other dysplasia
  9. sertoli cell tumor
  10. anagen defluxation
  11. telogen defluxation
  12. feline asymmetrical alopecia
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8
Q

3 common types of localized folliculitis alopecia. What are others that are always on the differential list?

A

bacterial (dogs0
demodex (dogs)
dermatophytosis (Cats)

PF
cut lyphoma

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9
Q

Any localized alopecia can…

A

become generalized

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10
Q

Vx associ. ischemic demratopathy happens in

A 
recently vx (rabies) 
small breed
white fluffies
Poodles
Bichon Friese
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11
Q

Dx of Vx associ. ischemic demratopathy

A

FNA
Biopsies
C/S, Hx
R/O demodex

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12
Q

Tx of Vx associ. ischemic demratopathy

A

Pentoxifylline

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13
Q

Familial Canine Dermatomyositis causes what in whom?

A

shetlands, collies
hereditary, inflammatory condition of skin and muscles
Autosomal dominant with variable expressivity

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14
Q

When do animals present with Familial Canine Dermatomyositis

A

6-12 months

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15
Q

Clinical signs of Familial Canine Dermatomyositis

A

lesions - alopecia, erythema, scaling, mild crusting
marked atrophy of skin**
myositis after skin lesions

high-stepping gait
food in the bowl
atrophy of mast muscles

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16
Q

Dx of Familial Canine Dermatomyositis

A

C/S and skin biopsies

But do skin scrapings first to r/o demodex

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17
Q

Prognosis of Familial Canine Dermatomyositis

A

good with only skin

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18
Q

Tx of Familial Canine Dermatomyositis

A

pentoxifylline
Vitamine E
Cyclosporine
topical tacrolimus

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19
Q

HyperAC Clinical signs

A 
hypotonic skin
symmetrical alopecia
easy bruising
delayed wound healing
seborrhea sicca
PUPDPG
panting
pot-bellied
muscle wasting
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20
Q

HyperAC Predisposes to…

A 
bacterial infections
calcinosus cutis
demodex
Comedones
coat color lightening
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21
Q

HyperAV Dx

A

biopsy
urine cort:cr
ACTH stim
LDDST

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22
Q

HyperAC Tx

A

Reduce steroid dose
switch to cyclo, tacrol
mitotane, trilostane (for adrenal tumors)
DMSO

23
Q

Hypothyroidism clinical signs

A 
epidermal atrophy
abnormal keratinization
dry, scaly skin
hyperpigmented from myxedema
no hair growth - stops in anagen phase
lightening of the hair 
rat-tail looking appearance
secondary pyoderma

but most will not have cutaneous signs and just have lethargy and weight gain

24
Q

You will only see pruritis with Hypothyroid if…

A

pyoderma or bacterial infection is present

25
Q

Age and breed predilctions to Hypothyroid

A

6-10 yrs

large or giant breeds

26
Q

Dx of hypothyroidism

A 
C/S and TH levels
Low TH, T4
High TSH
non-regenerative normo/normo anemia
hypercholesterolemia
liver enzyme elevations
27
Q

Why is the wrong dx and actual euthyroid sick a problem?

A

give thyroxine which will stimulate hair growth and you will think you got the dx right.

28
Q

What is the Dx approach to hypothyroid?

A

recheck TH levels in 2 months
look for improvement of signs
Only keep giving TH when you think the signs are reducing

29
Q

What do biopsies and histo tell us about hypothyroid?

A

it will point to endocrine disease but not much further.

30
Q

Prognosis of hypothyroid

A

requires lifetime treatment but is really good.

need to ensure levels are high enough

31
Q

What to watch for as contra-indications in thryoid hormone supplementation?

A

safe, but watch in dogs with heart disease - see signs in 2 weeks

32
Q

What to warn owners of with hypothyroid treatments

A

the alopecia will get worse before it gets better.

33
Q

Alopecia X/Hair cycle Arrest typically happens in…and wheny

A

pomeranians, siberian huskies, malamutes, poodles,

before 3 years old

34
Q

CLinical signs of Alopecia X/Hair cycle Arrest

A

dull, dry hair coat
loss of primary hairs
looks like a puppy coat
then it turns into alopecia of the trunk, caudal thighs, neck and tail
the alopecic skin can become hyperpigmented, especially in sites of sunburn or trauma
NO pruritus

35
Q

Dx of Alopecia X/Hair cycle Arrest

A

r/o cushings and hypothyroid
SKin biopsies**
adrenal sex hormone panel but not useful

36
Q

Tx of Alopecia X/Hair cycle Arrest

A

benign neglect
oral melatonin
mitotane and trilostane

but these are considered a little bit harsh for the cosmetic problem.

37
Q

Color dilution alopecia typically hits

A

dobermans

38
Q

Characteristics of the Color dilution alopecia

A

brittleness and broken hairs by about 6 months of age

39
Q

Cause of color dilution alopecia

A

abnormal melatonin deposition into irregulat macromelanosomes –> disrupts the integrity of the hair shafts. this is progressive

This will predispose to bacterial infection

40
Q

Dx of Color dilution alopecia

A

r/o the other causes
skin scrapings
trichograms - clumping of melatonin and dysplastic hair shafts

41
Q

Tx for Color dilution alopecia

A

avoid mechanical rauma and treat secondary infections

42
Q

Prognosis of Color dilution alopecia

A

poor

43
Q

Feline symmetrical alopecia clinical signs

A

massive pruritus manifested by excessive grooming which removes hairs

44
Q

Feline symmetrical alopecia dx

A

bloodwork/UA to r/o hyperthyroidism and FLUTD
trichogram
Skin scrapings, fungal culture and ectoparasite Tx trials are important

45
Q

Feline symmetrical alopecia closely resembles but is differentiated by…

A

looks a lot like endocrine disease but there is the stubble of broken off hairs

46
Q

DDx for Feline symmetrical alopecia

A 
flea hypersens
AD
Adverse food reaction
dermatophytosis
cheyletiella
Maybe truly psychogenic
47
Q

What is anagen and telogen defluxion?

A

an insult that causes hair shafts to break off suddenly.

48
Q

How long after does anagen and telogen take after insult/

A

anagen - days

telogen - 1-3 months

49
Q

prognosis of defluxion

A

very good

50
Q

Canine flank alopecia is characterized by…

A

seasonal dermatosis
bilaterally symmetrical hair loss
hyperpigmentation
Lesions have scalloped edges

51
Q

Who gets canine flank alopecia and where

A

boxers, bulldogs, and airedale terriers

in northern latitudes from the changes in day length

52
Q

Dx of canine flank alopecia

A

skin biopsies to find dysplastic keratin filled follicles.

53
Q

Tx of canine flank alopecia

A

nothing

some people try melatonin but meh

Dermatology (8 decks)

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