Enzymes and Biotechnology Flashcards
What is Feedback inhibition?
The process by which enzyme activity in a pathwy is regulated by a product formed later in the metabolic pathway
What is an allosteric protein?
A protein that has 2 or more conformers and the activity depends on the conformer
What is Phosphorylation?
the addition of a phosphoryl group to a protein to turn it on or off via a kinase
How do Motor proteins work?
ATP hydrolysis changes the conformation of the protein
What is a recombinant DNA molecule?
A molecule of DNA that has originated from 2 or more DNA fragments that are not found together in nature
What is Cloning?
Production of identical copies of a particular DNA molecule. Isolation of a particular piece of DNA from the rest of a cell’s DNA
Endonucleases/EndoDNases are what?
restriction enzymes
What is a restriction enzyme?
an enzyme that cuts the DNA at specific sequences
What is the function of a restriction enzyme in nature?
defend against viral invaders that insert their genes into the hosts DNA
DNA ligase does what?
Annealing the DNA together by forming phosphodiester bonds
What is a homologous probe?
A probe that detects identical nucleic acid molecules
What is a heterologous probe?
A probe that detects related nucleic acid molecules
What are the uses of Southern Blotting?
- identify related genes
- determine number of related genes
- determine size(s) of related genes
- construction of restriction maps
What is FISH?
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation
How is FISH done?
nuclei are ruptured
chromosomes are spread on a microscope slide
chromosome DNA is denatured
DNA is labelled with fluorescent dye
