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Neuroanatomy > Exam 4 Info > Flashcards

Exam 4 Info Flashcards

1
Q

The left visual field goes to the ____ _____.

A

right hemiretina

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2
Q

The right visual field goes to the _____ _____.

A

left hemiretina

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3
Q

What doesn’t cross over in the eye?

A

temporal retina fibers

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4
Q

What is the macula responsible for?

A

fine detail

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5
Q

The bottom of the visual field projects to the ___ of the ____.

A

top; cortex

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6
Q

What is hemiopia?

A

hemifield loss

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7
Q

What nucleus are the parvocellular and magnocellular layers contained in?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus

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8
Q

What type of vision is the magnocellular system responsible for?

A

motion, location, time, change

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9
Q

Where is the cuneus located? (definite exam question)

A

it is a wedge (dorsal to calcarine gyrus) back of brain posterior to parietal occipital sulcus

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10
Q

In a visual field disorder, a monocular loss must be…. (location)

A

anterior to the optic chiasm

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11
Q

In a visual field disorder, hemifled must be… (location)

A

posterior to the optic chiasm

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12
Q

In a visual field disorder, if quadrant must be… (location)

A

either the temporal lobe or parietal lobe.

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13
Q

In a visual field disorder, if bitemporal, must be…. (location)

A

at the optic chiasm

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14
Q

What is the typical first presentation of MS?

A

acute anterior ischemic neuropathy demonstrating diffuse optic disc edema with hyperemia

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15
Q

What characterizes amaurosis fugax?

A

cloudy spells of vision in one eye

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16
Q

What is another cause for what is usually presented in the eye in MS?

A

transient stroke in the opthalamic artery

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of a bitemporal hemimanopia?

A

sluggish, easily falling asleep, fast weight gain, enlargement of jaw and brows, issues seeing to the left in left eye and right in right eye

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18
Q

______ fibers are innervated by _____ neurons to constrict the pupil.

A

Sphincter; parasympathetic

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19
Q

What is an important test of brainstem function?

A

the pupillary constriction test

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20
Q

What are radial fibers innervated by and what do they do?

A

sympathetic neurons; dilate the pupil

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21
Q

What presents with a small pupil and ipsilateral ptosis of the eyelid? (possibly neck pain)

A

Horner’s syndrome

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22
Q

What is Pancose syndrome?

A

carotid bisection

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23
Q

Visual acuity is highest in what portion of the eye?

A

the macula

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24
Q

Why is visual acuity highest in the macula?

A

it has the largest portion of cones

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25
Q

Macular vision is the most ____.

A

posterior

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26
Q

Peripheral vision is the most ____.

A

anterior

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27
Q

The bottom of the visual field projects to where?

A

the top of the cortex

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28
Q

Where is the calcarine sulcus?

A

between the calcarine and lingual gyrus

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29
Q

Superior quadrantanopia involves ____ ____.

A

Meyer’s loop

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30
Q

inferior quadrantanopia involes the ____ ____ _____.

A

parietal optic radiation

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31
Q

What area is involved in a temporal lobe problem?

A

the Meyer’s loop

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32
Q

What is a characteristic of the parvocellular?

A

small cells (4 layers)

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33
Q

What is a characterisitc of the magnocellular?

A

large cells (2 layers)

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34
Q

The “what” pathway is which?

A

ventral

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35
Q

The “where” pathway is which?

A

dorsal

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36
Q

The left posterior corext sees what part of the world?

A

the right

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37
Q

This is characterized by someone who is unable to read but can write normally.

A

alexia without agraphia

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38
Q

What does abulia mean?

A

it’s someone who is tired and can’t do much

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39
Q

What are the benefits to human brains having sulci and gyri?

A

there is more surface area for “computing”

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40
Q

What is the inferior frontal gyrus involved in?

A

language

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41
Q

What is the site of Broca’s aphasia?

A

inferior frontal gyrus

42
Q

Where is the parietal cortex?

A

behind the central sulcus

43
Q

What distinguishes the occipital cortex physically from the parietal cortex?

A

the lines get less “curly”

44
Q

What is the most medial portion of the temporal lobe?

A

the uncus (TEST QUESTION)

45
Q

What kills a lot of people via swelling that compresses on the pons?

A

the uncus

46
Q

what is the straightest part of the brain?

A

the gyrus rectus

47
Q

What divides the parietal and occipital cortexes?

A

the parietooccipital sulcus

48
Q

What is the only vertical gyrus?

A

the subcallosal

49
Q

What is the V shaped part?

A

pars trianularis

50
Q

What separates the cerebral hemishphers?

A

the great longitudinal fissure

51
Q

What connects the hemispheres?

A

the corpus callosum

52
Q

Brodman area 4 is what?

A

the premotor cortex

53
Q

Brodman areas 1, 2, 3 make up what?

A

the primary somatosensory cortex

54
Q

Brodman area 41 is what?

A

the primary auditory cortex

55
Q

Brodman area 17 is what?

A

the primary visual cortex

56
Q

What makes the paleocortex?

A

the cingulate gyrus and the paleohippocampal gyrus

57
Q

What makes up 95% of the surface of the hemisphere?

A

the neocortex

58
Q

How many layers does the neocortex have?

A

six

59
Q

What is the largest layer of the neocortex?

A

layer 4

60
Q

Which layer of the neocortex is afferents?

A

layer 4

61
Q

Which layer of the neocortex make the longest connection?

A

layer 5

62
Q

The cortex is a series of ____.

A

columns

63
Q

What are the two basic cell types?

A

pyramidal and nonpyramidal

64
Q

What connects the parietal lobe and the frontal lobe?

A

the superior longitudinal fisciculus

65
Q

What connects the occiptitotemporal lobe to the frontal?

A

the inferior longitudinal fisciculus

66
Q

What connects adjacent gyri?

A

U fibers

67
Q

slide 31

A

start on 32

68
Q

A 72 y/o woman presents with 5 day history of visual spells. During each spell she had sudden onset of darkening vision in her left eye. Each spell lasted only a few minutes. You should worry that she has….

A

opthalamic artery blockage

69
Q

The peripheral retina projects to the…

A

most anterior primary visual cortex

70
Q

Visual motion and spatial analysis pass along the …

A

dorsolateral parietal-occipital pathway

71
Q

28 y/o noticed difficulty seeing fine lines with her left eye. The symptoms progressed over the next day, and she had difficulty reading billboards. Vision was 20/200 in the left eye and 20/20 in the right eye. She has a lesion of the…

A

left optic nerve

72
Q

The correct order of cell layers in the retina (from outward to inward)…

A

ganglion –> bipolar –> photoreceptor

73
Q

An enlarging pituitary adenoma is most likely to cause…

A

bitemporal hemianopia

74
Q

The cuneus is…

A

(none of: just anterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus, in the posterior thalamus, necessary for sterognosis)

75
Q

Lesions to the right postcentral gyrus cause

A

impaired two-point discrimination in the left arm.

76
Q

A 48 y/o presents with small right pupil and ptosis of the right eyelid. He was in a motor vehicle accident 3 days prior to presentation. Since then he has had right neck pain so you suspect…

A

Horner’s syndrome due to injury to ascending sympathetic fibers

77
Q

Primary auditory cortex is also called

A

Heschl’s gyrus

78
Q

Impaired fluency, comprehension, and repetition of speech is what type of aphasia?

A

Global

79
Q

A patient cannot show his teeth on command, although he can do this spontaneously. He has a lesion of Broca’s area causing..

A

ideomotor apraxia

80
Q

The ___ crosses the bottom of the lateral cerebral fissure and connects inferior frontal lobe gyri with the anterior temporal lobe.

A

uncinate fasciculus

81
Q

Empathy is mostly subserved by which brain areas?

A

Insula, BA1 and BA2

82
Q

The ___ sulcus separates the superior parietal lobe from the inferior parietal lobe.

A

intraparietal

83
Q

A character in the movie about FB develops acalculia, left-right confusions, and can’t tell his thumb from his index finger. You diagnose ___.

A

Gerstmann syndrome

84
Q

If your patient doesn’t smile in response to a really good joke, but still can “smile like a politician” she has injury to…

A

the limbic cortex

85
Q

What area of primary somatosensory cortex receives input from superficial skin receptors?

A

area 3b

86
Q

Which telencephalic subdivision has 3 layers?

A

paleocortex

87
Q

The arcuate fasciculus connects…

A

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

88
Q

Which cortical layer has 6 layer organization?

A

the primary visual cortex

89
Q

A lesion in the posterior temporal lobe is most likely to cause…

A

global aphasia

90
Q

Each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex receives most of its input from the ____ side of the body and controls the muscles on the __- side.

A

contralateral; contralateral

91
Q

To test graphesthesia, you need…

A

a pen and the patient’s open had.

92
Q

35 y/o began to behave oddly over last 8 mos. Paranoid, difficulties in relationships, arguments with coworkers, went from well dressed to shabby, became poor with personal maintenance. his behavior suggests dysfunction in the…

A

prefrontal cortex

93
Q

The anterior commisure is…

A

(find what it is, answer was none of above)

94
Q

Layer 1 of the neocortex typically has what type of connection?

A

corticocortical

95
Q

Broca’s area is mostly in…

A

inferior frontal sulcus

96
Q

T/F: Apraxia can occur with lesions in the parietal lobe.

A

true

97
Q

T/F: Apraxia is a disorder in the execution of skilled movements.

A

True

98
Q

T/F: Apraxia can occur with lesions in the supplementary motor area?

A

True

99
Q

T/F: Apraxia is due to interruption of the descending corticospinal tract.

A

false

100
Q

The line of Gennari is in…

A

area 17

101
Q

A surgeon lops out your left inferior parietal cortex. You will now have….

A

Gerstmann syndrome

102
Q

T4 page 3

A

to start. stopped p 2

Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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