4.5 Definitions Flashcards
Acid Chloride
A compound containing the functional group COCl. Acyl chlorides are a derivative of carboxylic acids, but the -OH is substituted by -Cl
Alcohol
An organic compound containing the -OH functional group.
Aldehyde
A compound containing the -CHO functional group at the end of an alkyl chain. Aldehydes can be oxidised to carboxylic acids by heating them under reflux with Cr2072-/H+
Amide
A molecule containing the functional group -CONR2, where R can be an alkyl chain or a hydrogen atom.
Aromatic compound/Arene
A compound containing at least one benzene ring.
Carboxylic acid
An organic compound containing the -COOH functional group
Decarboxylation
A type of reaction that involves the removal of a carboxyl group, releasing CO2
Ester
A compound containing the R-COO-R’ functional group (where R and R’ are alkyl groups)
Halogenoalkane
A saturated molecule where one or more of the hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been substituted for a halogen.
Hydrolysis
A reaction in which water is used to break down a compound.
Hydroxynitrile
A molecule with a -CN functional group and an -OH functional group bonded to the same carbon atom.
Nitrile
A molecule with a -CN functional group
Oxidation
Process involving the loss of electrons. Results in an increase in oxidation number.
Phenol
A benzene ring where one of the hydrogen atoms has been substituted for a hydroxyl group.
Reduction
The gain of electrons/decrease in oxidation number.
