4.5 Mental Health (Social Challenges) Flashcards
What is mental health?
- Positive relationships
- Wellbeing & coping
- Objective achievement
- It is on a continuum (mental wellbeing, mild distress, moderate distress –> mental health condition)
What is a mental disorder?
- Can be a cognitive, behavioural or emotional alteration
- Interference with sound mental health
- Discomfort
What is sever mental illness?
- Lasts longer than 2 years
- Major disturbance
How is MH classified?
ICD- 10
DSM-5
Issues with these classification methods?
VALIDITY: Fail to meet
- Discriminant/ content validity: clear discrimination between different diagnoses & normality
- Conceptual/construct validity: clinical phenomena
- Predictive validity: makes it possible to predict clinical evolution and an individual’s response to treatment
RELIABILITY:
Kappa index estimate the reliability of diagnoses to fall below 6.0 (therefore below the ‘good’ threshold)
Other options for classification beside ICD and DSM?
RDoC: research domain criteria
Trans diagnostic approaches
Outline RDoC
It provides an organizational structure for research that considers mental health and psychopathology in the context of major domains of basic human neurobehavioral functioning, rather than within established diagnostic categories.
- Fosters new research approaches
- Aims to understand nature of MH and illness
Outline Trans diagnostic approaches
Focuses on identifying the common and core maladaptive temperamental, psychological, cognitive, emotional, interpersonal and behavioural processes that underpin a broad array of diagnostic presentations (Harvey et al., 2004) and targeting these factors in treatment (Barlow et al., 2004).
Global prevalence of mental disorders.
Estimates that 10.7% of the population has a mental disorder
- Anxiety (3.94%) and depression (3.59%) are the two most prevalent
What are gender differences in mental disorders?
Females show considerably higher rates of anxiety, depression & eating disorders.
F + M show similar rates of bipolar and SZ
Males show higher rates of substance use disorder and alcohol use disorder
What could explain gender differences in MH?
Hormones: accounting for higher female rates
Societal norms & masculinity: accounts for lower recognition of mental illness in males and help seeking.
Age of MH?
Onset from around age 14.
How do you create community platform?
To provide health and social welfare services in the context closest to the individual, going beyond the official health system and bringing these services closer to the everyday life of the population.
