4.5 Post Pulmo anaphy

Question 1

Movement in and out of the lungs is controlled mainly by which of the following actions?
a. Changes in the pleural pressure and deep abdominal relaxation of the rectus abdominus
b. Downward and upward motion of the diaphragm and elevation and depression of the ribs to increase the diameter of the chest cavity
c. Alveolar contraction and contractions of the heart, circulating blood through the lung anatomy
d. Changes in atmospheric pressure within the respiratory cavities and relaxation of abdominal musculature

Question 2

Pneumotaxic center is located in the:
a. Dorsal medulla
b. Ventrolateral medulla
c. Upper pons
d. Lower pons

Question 3

The therapist reviews the pulmonary function test. Assuming normal values, which of the following measurement would you expect to be the GREATEST?
a. tidal volume
b. residual volume
c. vital capacity
d. inspiratory reserve volume

Question 4

What stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors?
I. Acidosis
II. High PaCO2
III. Low PaO2
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II and III

Question 5

For diffusion to occur, there must be:
a. A selectively permeable membrane
b. A concentration difference
c. Some sort of carrier system
d. Equal amounts of solute
e. All of the above

Question 6

What cell type secretes surfactant?
a. Plasma cell
b. Type I alveolar cell
c. Type II alveolar cell
d. Type III alveolar cell

Question 7

You are educating a student about lung volumes. The maximum amount of air that can be contained in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is called:
a. Vital capacity
b. Total lung capacity
c. Inspiratory capacity
d. Residual volume

Question 8

Common area for respiratory and gastro-intestinal system?
a. Nose
b. Pharynx
c. Mouth
d. Larynx

Question 9

Bucket-handle motion acts on:
a. ribs 1-6
b. ribs 7-10
c. ribs 8-12
d. diaphragm

Question 10

Normal volume of dead space air is:
a. 100 ml
b. 150 ml
c. 180 ml
d. 250 ml

Question 11

A law that explains ventilation is:
a. Wolff’s law
b. Boyle’s law
c. Kirchoff’s law
d. Pascal law
e. None of these

Question 12

he part of the lower airway where the trachea divides into right main stem and left main stem bronchi:
a. Terminal bronchiole
b. Carina
c. Parietal pleura
d. Respiratory bronchiole

Question 13

Respiratory zone is also known as:
a. Acinus
b. Alveoli
c. Windpipe
d. Trachea

Question 14

Is the act of moving air in and out of the lungs:
a. Respiration
b. Perfusion
c. Ventilation
d. Diffusion

Question 15

Most common site of intubation?
a. Trachea
b. Pharynx
c. Larynx
d. Main bronchus

Question 16

The functions of the pulmonary surfactant include the reduction of the:
a. Increase in alveolar radius
b. Increase in the surface tension
c. Increase in filtration forces from pulmonary capillaries
d. Increase in transpulmonary pressure

Question 17

Functional residual capacity is the summation of what volumes?
I. Tidal volume
II. Expiratory reserve volume
III. Inspiratory reserve volume
IV. Residual volume
a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. All are correct
d. I, II, and III

Question 18

What is the membrane covering the thoracic wall?
a. parietal pericardium
b. visceral pericardium
c. visceral pleura
d. parietal pleura

Question 19

Most probably resting place of large aspirated objects:
a. Lobar bronchus
b. Right terminal bronchioles
c. Left main bronchus
d. Right main bronchus

Question 20

The most consistent laboratory finding with a patient who has been diagnosed with chronic respiratory acidosis is:
a. Elevated arterial blood pH, low PaCO2
b. Low arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2
c. Elevated arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2
d. Low arterial blood pH, low PaCO2

Question 21

A spirometer can be used to measure directly which of the following?
a. Total lung capacity
b. Functional residual capacity
c. Residual volume
d. Inspiratory capacity
e. Physiological dead space

Question 22

A therapist instructs a patient to expire maximally after taking a maximal inspiration. The therapist can use these instructions to measure patients:
a. Expiratory reserve volume
b. Inspiratory reserve volume
c. Total lung capacity
d. Vital capacity

Question 23

A 43-year-old female patient has been lying down on the hospital bed for more than 4 months. Her normal, quiet expiration is achieved by contraction of which of the following structures?
a. Elastic tissue in the lungs and thoracic wall
b. Serratus posterior superior
c. Pectoralis minor
d. Serratus anterior
e. Diaphragm

Question 24

The oral cavity is normally heavily populated by microorganisms that can potentially harm the lungs. Which of the following effectively prevents translocation of these organisms to the lung substance?
a. Stiffness of the lung substance
b. Mucociliary excalator
c. Swallowing reflex
d. Esophageal peristalsis

Question 25

The respiratory center is located in the ____ and ______.
a. Midbrain and pons
b. Midbrain and Medulla oblongata
c. Pons and Hypothalamus
d. Pons and Medulla oblongata

Question 26

Which part of the upright lung has the greatest perfusion?
a. Base
b. Apex
c. Uniform throughout
d. Middle lobe

Question 27

In a normal respiratory cycle, the volume of inspired air equals:
a. the inspiratory capacity minus the inspiratory reserve volume
b. the tidal volume
c. all of these
d. approximately 500 ml

Question 28

What is the maximal volume inspired after normal inspiration?
a. Functional residual capacity
b. Vital capacity
c. Tidal volume
d. Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 29

Alveolar ventilation is approximately equal to ____ L/min and pulmonary blood flow is approximately equal to ____ L/min:
a. 5, 5
b. 4, 5
c. 5, 4
d. 3, 4

Question 30

Increase in O2 in blood will cause CO2 to be displaced from hemoglobin to promote carbon dioxide transport?
a. Haldane effect
b. Bohr effect
c. Synergistic effect
d. None of these

Question 31

Shift to the right of the curve, EXCEPT:
a. Increased H ion
b. Increased 2,3 DPG
c. Increased CO2
d. Increase in pH
e. Exercise

Question 32

The lining mucus of the airways is composed of:
a. an upper non-viscous upper layer and a sticky lower layer
b. a homogeneous sticky fluid
c. an upper sticky layer and a lower non-viscous layer
d. a homogeneous clear, non-viscous fluid

Question 33

Amount of air that remains in the lung at the end of normal expiration:
a. Functional residual capacity
b. Residual volume
c. Inspiratory capacity
d. Tidal volume

Question 34

The amount of air inhaled & exhaled with each breath is known as:
a. Total lung capacity
b. Tidal volume
c. Vital capacity
d. Inspiratory capacity

Question 35

This cartilage serves as the guardians of the airways?
a. Cricoid
b. Arytenoid
c. Epiglottis
d. Thyroid

Question 36

Which of the following information regarding the thorax is correct?
I. Anterior border: sternum
II. Lateral border: ribs
III. Posterior border: vertebrae (T1-T12)
IV. Inferior border: diaphragm muscle
a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. I, II and III
d. I, II, III and IV

Question 37

The statements apply to inspiratory capacity, EXCEPT:
a. Amount of air one can breathe at normal expiratory level & distending the lungs to the maximum
b. Equals tidal volume plus the inspiratory level
c. Equals residual volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume
d. Amount of air is about 3500 ml

Question 38

Which of the following correctly describes the intrapleural space during a normal unforced breathing:
a. Varies from negative to positive
b. Always negative
c. Always positive
d. None of these

Question 39

Mouth breathing results in this condition in the alveolar air:
a. Cleaner
b. Dryer
c. Warmer
d. Lower O2

Question 40

The normal ventilation/perfusion ratio is:
a. 0.25
b. 0.45
c. 0.50
d. 1.0
e. 0.80

Question 41

Is an inflation reflex which switches off the inspiratory ramp signal when lung is over stretched:
a. Tracheal stimulation
b. Hering-Breuer reflex
c. J-receptors
d. None of these

Question 42

ABG findings as follows: pH = 7.33, PaCO2 = 40, HCO3 = 21
a. Compensated metabolic acidosis
b. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
c. Compensated metabolic alkalosis
d. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 43

Is the exchange of gas that occurs at the alveolar capillary membrane between atmospheric air & the pulmonary capillaries?
a. External respiration
b. Internal respiration
c. Ventilation
d. None of these

Question 44

Components of respiratory zone, EXCEPT:
a. Terminal bronchioles
b. Respiratory bronchioles
c. Alveolar sac
d. Alveolar duct

Question 45

You are examining a patient diagnosed with COPD who suddenly develops dyspnea, anxiety, & becomes disoriented. What is the likely cause of this?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Panic attack
d. Orthostatic hypotension

Question 46

The product of breathing frequency and tidal volume (VT) is:
a. stroke volume
b. cardiac output
c. ventilation
d. metabolic rate

Question 47

A therapist completes a physical examination of a patient before beginning pulmonary rehabilitation. If the therapist would like to obtain information on the use of accessory muscles during ventilation, which area should the therapist observe?
a. Neck and shoulders
b. Neck and abdomen
c. Shoulders and upper thorax
d. Mid thorax

Question 48

A therapist observes a patient’s breathing as part of a respiratory assessment. Which muscle/s of respiration is/are MOST active during forced expiration, with the exception of:
a. Serratus posterior inferior
b. External intercostals
c. Internal intercostals
d. Abdominals

Question 49

From which value upwards to 100%, would be considered within normal limits for oxygen saturation?
a. 85%
b. 95%
c. 98%
d. 90%

Question 50

The following are causes of metabolic alkalosis, EXCEPT:
a. Diuretics
b. Diarrhea
c. Antacids
d. Vomiting
e. Nasogastric suctioning