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Block Science > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature

A

Average kinetic energy per molecule (speed pee molecule)

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2
Q

Heat

A

Flow of thermal emergency from hot to cold

Flow of kinetic energy from one molecule to another

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3
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed only converted or transferred from one form/place to another

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4
Q

Rule two of thermodynamics

A

Heat energy flows from high temperature to low temperature areas only

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5
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

No net flow of heat emergency because all areas are same temperature
(Putting in as much as taking out)
Passes back equally

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6
Q

How does a thermometer work

A

Molecules of alcohol speed up and expand or slow down and contract

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7
Q

What causes the red line I a thermometer to stop moving

A

Thermal equilibrium between thermometer and water causes it to stop moving

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8
Q

What is temperature measured in

A

Celsius, C

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9
Q

What is heat measures in

A

cal. c.

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10
Q

What is one calorie

A

The amount of heat needed to raise the temp of one military of water
1 ml H2O by 1 degree

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11
Q

What are the calories in your food

A

Calories, actually kilocalories

Amount of heat needed to warm up 1,000 ml of water by one degree

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12
Q

High specific heat

A

More heat energy needed to increase the temp of some substances

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13
Q

Thermal energy

A

Total energy in molecules of a substance
A) kinetic energy of movie molecules
b) potential energy stored in chemical bonds

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14
Q

What cases phase change

A

Heat transfer

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15
Q

Phase change:

A

Change in amount of thermal energy cause molecules to move in different ways

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16
Q

Higher energy

A

Weaker intermolecular forces, mass does not change but density does

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17
Q

Conduction

A

Objects touch, direct heat transfer molecule to molecule

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18
Q

Convection

A

Heat transferred by flowing molecules

Warm fast moving molecules rise carrying heat with them, they expand and become less dense

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19
Q

Radiation

A

Electromagnetic waves , infrared radiation, no molecules

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20
Q

What direction does heat energy always flow and what law

A

Law of thermodynamics

Heat energy flows from high temperature to low temperature areas only

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21
Q

What is absolute 0

A

No motion of particles

0 Calvin

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22
Q

Why are metals good conductors

A

Because the electrons are loosely held (can flow)

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23
Q

Why are non metals poor conductors

A

Hold their electrons tightly so are poor conductors

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24
Q

Why do good conductors feel cold

A

At room temp feel cold evaluate heat is leaving your body quickly

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25
Q

Why are poor conductors not as cold

A

Because heat is leaving slower

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26
Q

If an object has a high specific heat capacity

A

It takes longer to heat up

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27
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to gas

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28
Q

Deposition

A

Gas to solid

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29
Q

Gas to liquid

A

Condensation

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30
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Vaporization

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31
Q

Solid to liquid

A

Melting

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32
Q

Liquid to solid

A

Freezing

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33
Q

Solids

A

Vibrate in place and are closely compacted

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34
Q

Liquid

A

Particles can flow

Are spread out

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35
Q

Gas

A

Particles can flow and expand

Distance is big between particles

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36
Q

Where is the phase change on a graph

A

When it goes horizontal

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37
Q

Potential energy is: on a graph

A

The horizontal parts

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38
Q

Kinetic energy is: on a graph

A

The climbing parts /

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39
Q

Where is condensation in a graph

A

Where there is boiling

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40
Q

Where is crystallization on a graph

A

Where there is melting

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41
Q

The higher energy —– the intermolecular forces

A

Lower intermolecular forces

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42
Q

What has lowest to highest energy

A

Solid lowest, liquids medium, gases highest

43
Q

Weaker intermolecular forces means molecules can

A

Flow and spread apart

44
Q

Chemical change

A

When chemical bonds are made or broken and new substances are formed

45
Q

Example of chemical change

A

Burning ( combustion, flammability) rusting, tarnishing

46
Q

Physical change

A

Change That does not break or form any chemical bonds, no new substances formed

47
Q

Physical change examples

A

Phase change (melting, boiling etc) change in shape, change in size, mixtures, dissolving

48
Q

Chemical property

A

Chemical properties indicate what types of chemical change a substance can do
Ex. Flammability

49
Q

Physical property

A

Describe the physical characteristics of a substance

Ex. Density, melting point, solubility

50
Q

What is the goal when balancing equations

A

The goal is to get the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the yield arrow

51
Q

What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction

A

They break old bonds and form new ones

52
Q

Acid or base

Starts with h

A

Acid

53
Q

Acid or base

Donates protons

A

Acid

54
Q

Acid or base

Blue litmus color change to red

A

Acid

55
Q

Acid or base

Starts with oh

A

Base

56
Q

Acid or base

Accepts protons

A

Bases

57
Q

Acid or base

Greater than 7 ph range

A

Base

58
Q

Acid or base

Phenolphthalein paper color change

A

Bases

Pink and purple

59
Q

Acid or base

Oh range less than 7

A

Acid

60
Q

When acid and a base react what are the two products

A

Always some type of salt and water

61
Q

What is the same for the reaction that happens between an acid and a base

A

Neutralization reactions

62
Q

Acid or base

HCL

A

Acid

63
Q

Acid or base

NaCl

A

Neither

64
Q

Acid or base

NaOH

A

Base

65
Q

Acid or base

H2SO4

A

Acid

66
Q

H2O

A

Neither

67
Q

What is an isomer

A

Two molecules that have the exact same chemical formula but have different order of atoms

68
Q

What is a polymer

A

A very large molecule (macromolecule) that is made by putting together a bunch of smaller molecules (monomer)

69
Q

Examples of polymers found in your body

A

DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates

70
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

a hydrocarbon are organic molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon, no other elements

71
Q

List the number of carbons

Butane

A

4

72
Q

List the number of carbons

Octane

A

8

73
Q

List the number of carbons

Pentane

A

5

74
Q

List the number of carbons

Methane

A

1

75
Q

List the number of carbons

Propane

A

3

76
Q

List the number of carbons

Ethane

A

2

77
Q

List the number of carbons

Heptane

A

7

78
Q

List the number of carbons

Hexane

A

6

79
Q

What is the difference between a straight chain molecule of butane and its isomer and what’s the same

A

They have different shapes and different properties

They have the same chemical formula

80
Q

Draw the structure of a carboxylic acid

A

…..O
…..||
…..C–OH

81
Q

Alpha particle

A

Two protons and two neutrons

82
Q

Beta particle

A

One electron

83
Q

Gamma radiation

A

Pure energy

84
Q

Half life

A

The amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay

85
Q

Radioactive

A

Giving off radiation (alpha particles, beta particles, and or gamma together)

86
Q

Strong nuclear force

A

Attractive force between nucleons, holds the nucleus together

87
Q

Electromagnetic force

A

Force of attraction between electrons and protons force of repulsion between protons

88
Q

Transmutation

A

One element mutates into a different element by giving off a radioactive particle

89
Q

What is more radioactive a shorter or longer half life and why

A

Shorter half life because it is more radioactive, it is giving off radioactive particles faster

90
Q

How does the atomic number and atomic mass change when an alpha particle is shot off

A

Atomic number goes down by two because two protons are shot off, atomic mass goes down by four because two protons and two neutrons

91
Q

How does the atomic mass and atomic number change when a beta particle is shot off

A

The atomic number does up by one because a neutron is converted into a proton and the atomic mass stays the same

92
Q

Compare and contrast the strong nuclear force with the electromagnetic force

A

Strong nuclear force: short range, works on protons and neutrons, stronger
Electromagnetic force: long range, works on protons and electrons (only charged particles), and is weaker

93
Q

What problems occur when exposed to radioactive decay for long periods of time at high levels

A

Cancer, birth defects m, shortened life span

94
Q

Chain reaction

A

Splitting one atom causes several atoms to split when neutrons are shot off

95
Q

Critical mass

A

Mass of enriched uranium needed to start an explosion

96
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

Two small atoms fuse together

97
Q

Nuclear fission

A

A large atom splits in two

98
Q

Thermonuclear fusion

A

Fusion that takes place at very high temps

99
Q

Why do some atoms split but others don’t

A

Only atoms of uranium 235 split and in high concentrations

100
Q

Under what conditions can nuclear fusion happen

A

Very high temps

101
Q

Fusion

A

Fuse no pollution

102
Q

Thermonuclear fusion

A

Very high temps

103
Q

Fission

A

Splits, radioactive waste, cooler temps

Block Science (33 decks)

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