4.5.1 The Periodic Table -

Question 1

How are the elements arranged in the periodic table?

Answer 1

In order of increasing atomic number

Question 2

What do elements in the same group (column) of the periodic table have in common with each other?

Answer 2

They have the same amount of electrons in the outer shell i.e. all the elements in group 6 have 6 electrons in the outer shell

Question 3

What do elements in the same period (row) of the periodic table have in common with each other?

Answer 3

They have the same amount of shells i.e. all the elements in period 3 have 3 shells.

Question 4

What are the three rules for drawing electrons in electron shells?

Answer 4

1. You fill up from the inner shell first.
2. The middle shell can only have 2 electrons.
3. All other shells can have 8 electrons.

Question 5

Use the periodic table. How many electrons does the element Aluminium have?

Answer 5

13 (it is the proton or atomic number of the element)

Question 6

Magnesium has 12 electrons. What will its electron configuration (electron shells) look like?

Answer 6

2, 8, 2

Question 7

Who designed the modern periodic table?

Answer 7

Dimitri Mendeleev

Question 8

How did Dimitri Mendeleev order the elements in the periodic table? Why was this a problem?

Answer 8

He put them in order of atomic mass. This meant some elements appeared to be in the wrong group and did not have similar properties to the rest of the elements in the group/

Question 9

What do we call the middle of an atom?

Answer 9

The nucleus

Question 10

Which sub atomic particles are found in the nucleus?

Answer 10

Protons and neutrons

Question 11

What is the definition of an isotope?

Answer 11

Elements with the same amount of protons and electrons, and a different amount of neutrons

Question 12

What is an element?

Answer 12

A substance made of one type of atom

Question 13

What is the charge on an electron?

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

What is the charge on a proton?

Answer 14

positive

Question 15

What is the charge on a neutron?

Answer 15

Neutral

Question 16

What is a compound?

Answer 16

Two or more elements chemically bonded together

Question 17

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

Answer 17

On the left of the periodic table

Question 18

Metals are usually found in groups 1,2,3 and 4 of the periodic table. What will happen, in terms of electrons, to these elements when they react?

Answer 18

They will lose electrons to achieve an empty outer shell which is stable.

Question 19

How many electrons does an element want in its outer shell to be stable?

Answer 19

8 (unless it is the middle shell then 2 electrons)

Question 20

What charge will the ion be if an element gains an electron?

Answer 20

Negative - as electrons have a negative charge and it will have an extra electron.

Question 21

What charge will the ion be if an element loses an electron?

Answer 21

Positive - as electrons have a negative charge and it will have lost an electron.

Question 22

Which type of elements gain electrons when they react?

Answer 22

Non metals

Question 23

What do we call the group 0 elements?

Answer 23

Noble gases

Question 24

Why are group 0 elements so unreactive?

Answer 24

They have full outer shells

Question 25

What is the trend in boiling point in group 0?

Answer 25

As the group 0 elements have a higher atomic mass (down the group) the boiling point increases

Question 26

What are the group 1 metals called?

Answer 26

The alkali metals

Question 27

Why are the group 1 metals called the alkali metals

Answer 27

When they react with water they produce hydroxides (OH-) which are alkaline (will turn universal indicator purple)

Question 28

Group 1 elements are stored in oil. Why?

Answer 28

They are very reactive with both water and oxygen.

Question 29

Group 1 elements are unusual metals. Why?

Answer 29

They are very soft and have a low density

Question 30

What is made when a group 1 metal reacts with water? i.e. Lithium + Water -->

Answer 30

A hydroxide and hydrogen gas --> Lithium Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Question 31

What is the reactivity trend in Group 1?

Answer 31

As you go down group 1 the elements get more reactive. The reactions with water become more violent.

Question 32

Why do the group 1 elements get more reactive down the group?

Answer 32

The elements all lose an electron when they react. It is easier to lose an electron from a big atom (Like potassium) as the electron is further away from the nucleus so it less attracted to the nucleus. Also the inner electrons shield the outer electron from the attraction to the nucleus. This means this electron is less attracted and can more easily be lost than in a small atom like Lithium.

Question 33

What do we call the group 7 elements?

Answer 33

The Halogens

Question 34

The reactivity trend in group 7 is opposite to group 1. Why?

Answer 34

Group 1 elements are trying to lose 1 electron. Group 7 elements are trying to gain 1 electron when they react. This means a smaller atom finds it easier to attract an electron as there are less electrons shielding the attraction to the nucleus.

Question 35

What do we call the type of reaction where a more reactive halogen swaps a lesson reactive halogen from a solution of its salt?

Answer 35

A displacement reaction

Question 36

Why is an atom neutral overall?

Answer 36

It has the same amount of positive protons and negative electrons.