Chapter 12 Flashcards
one reason that cats kill when they may not be hungry is that the killing behavior is
rewarding
A reason animals get bored and seek new things to do is to maintain an
minimum level of sensory stimulation
Neural circuits are strongly modulated by which sense
smell and taste or chemical senses
Why is free will inadequate to explain why we do the things we do
In general, behavior is controlled by neural circuits that are modulated by a wide range of factors
The receptor surface for olfaction is the
olfactory epithelium
olfaction and gustatory pathways eventually merge in the orbitofrontal cortex, leading to the perception of
flavor
chemosignals that convey information about the sender are called
pheromones
The perception of bitter is related to both ____ and _____
allele of the taste receptor gene, TAS2R38; number of taste buds
how does a limited number of receptor types allow us to smell many different odors
Any given odorant stimulates a unique pattern of receptors, and the summed activity, or pattern of activity, produces our perception of a particular odor
Skinner argued that behaviors could be shaped by _____ in the environment
rewards or reinforcers
John Garcia used the phenomenon of ____ to discourage coyotes from killing lambs
taste-adversion learning
The brain of a species is pre wired to produce ____ to specific sensory stimuli selected by evolution to prompt associarions between cerain enviornment events
innate releasing mechanisms or IRMs
When a fly wanders around on a table, it is not exploring as much as _____
tasting
Explain how the concept of preparedness accounts for puzzling human behaviors
When two unrelated events are experienced together they become inadvertently associated. For example, unexpected pain in the presence of a stranger may lead to a faulty association between the events.
The two different types of motivated behaviors are ____ behaviors, which maintain homeostasis and _____ behaviors, encompassing basically all other behaviors
regulatory, nonregulatory
