Female Repo

Question 1

Dysmenorrhea: Treatment

Answer 1

Relief of symptoms
Diet, exercise, relaxation
Reduce salt intake
Restrict cafeeine
Vitamins
Medications: NSAIDs

Question 2

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Treatment

Answer 2

• H&P
• Abdominal and pelvic exam
• Focus on treating underlying disease
• Diagnostic studies—hormone levels • Pelvic ultrasound
• Laparoscopy

Question 3

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Treatment

Answer 3

Medications
– Oral contraceptives, IUD, 
– Iron preparations
Surgery –D&C
–Endometrial ablation 
–Uterine balloon heat therapy 
–Hysterectomy

Question 4

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Nursing Diagnosis

Answer 4

• Ineffective Coping r/t excessive, frequent or painful menstruation
• Sexual Dysfunction r/t excessive, frequent or painful menstruation
• Disturbed body image r/t perceived loss of femininity

Question 5

Pelvic Inflammatory Disorder (PID)

Answer 5

Fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, and cervix
Cause
–Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
–Chlamydia trachomatis
Major cause of female infertility

Question 6

PID

Answer 6

Diagnosis and treatment 
Assess for risk
– Endocervical secretion cultures 
– Surgery
– Medications
Treat infection

Question 7

Cancers of the Reproductive System Nursing Management

Answer 7

Nursing assessment:
– Assess for leukorrhea, irregular vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, increase in abdominal pain & pressure, bowel and bladder dysfunction, vulvar itching and burning, bleeding between periods
– Pap smear—cervical cancer
– Colposcopy
– Biopsy
Cervix
Uterine tissue

Question 8

Cervical Cancer

Answer 8

Common
Early detection and intervention lead to
decreased incidence and death
Related to infection of the cervix with HPV
Focus on prevention and reduction with vaccination:
‐ Gardisil

Question 9

Cervical Cancer

Answer 9

Treatment decisions for cervical cancer are based on:
•the size of the tumour
•the stage of the cancer 
•fertility status
•the woman's overall health

Question 10

Cervical Cancer: Collaborative Care

Answer 10

Treatment options:
– Conization
– Laser treatment
– Cautery & cryosurgery
– Invasive cancer requires surgery, radiation 
– Hysterectomy
– Pelvic exenteration

Question 11

Ovarian Cancer

Answer 11

Medical treatment
–Depends on the staging of the tumor
–CA125 tumor marker for ovarian cancer
–Transvaginal ultrasound
– Laparoscopy

Question 12

Malignant Tumors of Reproductive

Organs: Nursing Diagnosis

Answer 12

• Anxiety r/t threat of a malignancy and lack of knowledge about the disease process and prognosis
•Acute pain r/t pressure secondary to enlarging tumour
•Disturbed body image r/t loss of body part and loss of
good health
•Ineffective sexuality patterns r/t physiological limitations and fatigue
•Ineffective breathing pattern r/t presence of ascites and effusions
•Grieving r/t poor prognosis of advanced disease

Question 13

Breast Cancer

Answer 13

Assess for risk:
•a strong family history of breast cancer
•certain gene mutations, such as the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation
•a personal history of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive breast cancer or atypical hyperplasia
•dense breast tissue
•received radiation therapy to the breast or chest

Question 14

Breast Cancer

Answer 14

• Breast Cancer Screening
– Clinical breast exam
– Self breast exam
– Mammography

Question 15

Breast Cancer – Diagnostic Tests

Answer 15

• Diagnosticmammography
• Ultrasonography
• CT,MRI,PET
• Cytologicexam
• Tissuebiopsy
– Fine needle aspiration 
– Core needle biopsy
– Excisional biopsy

Question 16

Breast Cancer

Answer 16

• Signsandsymptoms
– Painless breast tissue thickening or lump
– Late symptoms include dimpling of the skin, nipple discharge, nipple or skin retraction, edema, dilated blood vessels, ulceration, and hemorrhage
– Staging: the tumor‐node‐metastasis classification determines the treatment options

Question 17

Breast Cancer Treatment

Answer 17

– Critical factor determined—whether the cancer cells are estrogen receptors or nonreceptors
• Tamoxifen: selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) prescribed for the estrogen receptors
– Chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy, or a combination of these may be employed before, during, or after surgery
• Prognosis
– When cancer is confined to the breast, the 5‐year relative survival rate is 96.8%; cancer spread to surrounding tissue, 5‐year rate is 75.9%; disease has metastasized, the rate is 20.6%

Question 18

Breast Cancer Treatment

Answer 18

• Surgery
– Breast conserving
– Mastectomy, lumpectomy 
– Breast reconstruction
• Metastatic breast cancer treatment 
• Palliation
• Extending life
• Ensuring comfort

Question 19

Breast Cancer: Nursing Care

Answer 19

– Postoperative exercises 
– Healing of surgical site: 
– Routine surgical care
– Drain & wound care 
– Emotional support
– Balanced diet
– Prosthesis

Question 20

Breast Cancer: Nursing Care

Answer 20

• Risk for Infection r/t presence of drains, effects of chemotherapy, surgery
• Risk for Injury r/t lymph node dissection •Decisional conflict r/t lack of knowledge about
treatment options and their effects
•Fear, anxiety, or both r/t diagnosis of breast cancer
•Disturbed body image r/t anticipated physical and emotional effects of treatment modalities
• Anticipatory Grieving r/t anticipated diagnosis