Question 1

Gastric pits are

Accepted Answer

openings into gastric glands.

Question 2

Parietal cells secrete

Accepted Answer

hydrochloric acid (through carbonic anhydrase) and Intrinsic factor

Question 3

Which is the function of parietal cells?

Accepted Answer

They secrete a glycoprotein, called intrinsic factor, that facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestinal lining.

Question 4

The enzyme pepsin digests

Accepted Answer

proteins.

Question 5

Chief cells secrete

Accepted Answer

pepsinogen.

Question 6

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by

Accepted Answer

lacteals

Question 7

Lacteals carry

Accepted Answer

absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

Question 8

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

Accepted Answer

ileum.

Question 9

The middle segment of the small intestine is the

Accepted Answer

jejunum

Question 10

In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid

Accepted Answer

rich in enzymes.

Question 11

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid

Accepted Answer

rich in bicarbonate ion (buffers).

Question 12

In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, the

Accepted Answer

blood levels of secretin rise.

Question 13

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

Accepted Answer

gastrin

Question 14

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

Accepted Answer

gastrin

Question 15

An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is

Accepted Answer

cholecystokinin

Question 16

Gastrin secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of

Accepted Answer

local stimulation.

Question 17

G cells of the stomach secrete

Accepted Answer

gastrin (and other various hormones)

Question 18

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

Accepted Answer

Sensory input triggers the parasympathetic vagus nerve which stimulates the submucosal plexus which in turn stimulates the gastric glands

Question 19

The gastric phase of gastric secretion begins when

Accepted Answer

food enters the stomach.

Question 20

Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the

Accepted Answer

rectum

Question 21

Haustra are

Accepted Answer

expansible pouches of the colon.

Question 22

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

Accepted Answer

large intestines

Question 23

The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the

Accepted Answer

cecum

Question 24

This organ is primarily responsible for water absorption.

Accepted Answer

large intestine

Question 25

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the

Accepted Answer

appendix.

Question 26

The function of haustra in the large intestine is

Accepted Answer

to permit the expansion and elongation of the colon.

Question 27

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

Accepted Answer

parotid

Question 28

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

Accepted Answer

parasympathetic stimulation.

Question 29

Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

contain enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides

Question 30

The enzyme amylase digests

Accepted Answer

polysaccharides

Question 31

Each of the following is a function of the liver, except ``` antibody production. synthesis and secretion of bile. synthesis of plasma proteins. storage of glycogen and iron reserves. inactivation of toxins. ```

Accepted Answer

antibody production

Question 32

The ________ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth.

Accepted Answer

sublingual

Question 33

The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).

Accepted Answer

four

Question 34

Which of the following is not a component of the portal triad found at the edges of a liver lobule?

Accepted Answer

central vein

Question 35

In the center of a liver lobule there is a

Accepted Answer

central vein

Question 36

Which liver cells are phagocytic cells that engulf pathogens, cell debris, and damaged blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Kupffer cells

Question 37

The Kupffer cells of the liver ``` destroy damaged RBCs. destroy bacteria. present antigens. are phagocytic. all of the above ```

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 38

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is

Accepted Answer

trypsin

Question 39

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of

Accepted Answer

pancreatic acini

Question 40

The pancreas produces ________-digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes.

Accepted Answer

protein

Question 41

The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the

Accepted Answer

common bile duct.

Question 42

Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of

Accepted Answer

fats

Question 43

Chymotrypsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, and elastase are examples of which type of major pancreatic enzymes that break down proteins?

Accepted Answer

proteolytic enzymes

Question 44

The pancreas produces ``` lipases and amylase. nucleases. peptidases and proteinases. all of the above none of the above ```

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 45

Bile is stored in the

Accepted Answer

gallbladder

Question 46

Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include ``` trypsin (as trypsinogen). amylase. nuclease. chymotrypsinogen. all of the above ```

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 47

The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during

Accepted Answer

the citric acid cycle.

Question 48

The electron transport system receives electrons from coenzymes. produces energy that supports the synthesis of ATP. is found on the inner mitochondrial membrane (the cristae). all of the above none of the above

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 49

Which statement regarding the citric acid cycle is true? Its function is to remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes. An acetyl group, CH3CO, from acetyl-CoA is attached to a six-carbon molecule. Cytochromes are the coenzymes, which play a key role in the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

Its function is to remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes.

Question 50

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called

Accepted Answer

metabolism.

Question 51

Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell.

Accepted Answer

the mitochondria

Question 52

Which is a characteristic of oxidative phosphorylation? It results in the production of pyruvate. The diffusion of potassium ions powers the production of ATP. It occurs in the cytoplasm. Coenzymes deliver hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle to the ETS.

Accepted Answer

Coenzymes deliver hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle to the ETS.

Question 53

Cells must synthesize new organic compounds to support growth. to perform structural maintenance or repairs. to produce secretions. to store nutrient reserves. all of the above

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 54

The citric acid cycle begins with

Accepted Answer

the formation of a molecule of citric acid.

Question 55

In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another.

Accepted Answer

a coenzyme or a cytochrome

Question 56

In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from

Accepted Answer

the movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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Chapter 22 - Digestive System (modules 11 onward) Flashcards

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