Respiratory adaptations

Question 1

Anemic hypoxia

-Examples?

Answer 1

• Oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

- Anemia, carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 2

How does carbon monoxide cause anemic hypoxia?

Answer 2

CO binds to Hb with such high affinity that it prevents O2 from binding

Question 3

Circulatory hypoxia

-Example?

Answer 3

• Tissue is not receiving sufficient oxygen because the heart cannot pump the blood to the tissue
• Sickle cell leads to circulatory

Question 4

Compare and contrast the four forms of hypoxia, including common examples of each

• Hypoxic hypoxia
  
  • Example?

Answer 4

• PaO2 is below normal because the alveolar PO2 is reduced (environmental reasons such as altitude) or the blood is unable to equilibrate fully with the alveolar air
• Would occur in in lung diseases with diffusion impairments such as emphysema or fibrosis

Question 4

Histotoxic hypoxia

-Example?

Answer 4

• Cells have been poisoned
• Tissue receives oxygen but is unable to use it
• Example-cyanide

Question 5

Describe the long term changes in respiratory control that occur when hypoxia or hypercapnia becomes a chronic condition
-Long term changes with chronic hypoxia

Answer 5

• Choroid plexus increases H+ and decreases HCO3

- Bicarbonate moves into the blood and is excreted by the kidneys

Question 6

Describe the long term changes in respiratory control that occur when hypoxia or hypercapnia becomes a chronic condition
-Long term changes with chronic hypercapnia

Answer 6

• To correct the CSF back to normal, the cells of the choroid plexus will add MORE bicarbonate to the CSF
• The H+ ion created is moved back to the blood for elimination by the kidney

Question 7

Compare and contrast the effects of increased and decreased barometric pressure on the body
-Increased barometric pressure-effects?

Answer 7

• irritation of the tracheobronchial tree, nasal congestion, sore throat, coughing, muscle twitching, tinnitus (ringing in ears), dizziness, convulsions, and death
• Effects are due to formation of ROS

Question 8

Compare and contrast the effects of increased and decreased barometric pressure on the body
-Decreased barometric pressure-effects?

Answer 8

Hyperventilation, alkalosis

Question 9

Compare and contrast the effects of increased and decreased barometric pressure on the body
-Decreased barometric pressure-effects?

Answer 9

Hyperventilation, alkalosis

Question 11

Compare and contrast the effects of high levels of nitrogen on the human body

Answer 11

?

Question 12

Compare and contrast the effects of high levels of nitrogen and oxygen on the human body
-Describe how these effects might be avoided

Answer 12

?