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Pe 2nd Long > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries

A

atherosclerosis

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2
Q

Plaque is a buildup of….

A

buildup ofcholesterol, whiteblood cells,calcium, and other substances in the walls ofarteries

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3
Q

Plaques are covered by

A

Fibrous caps

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4
Q

ISECHEMIC HEART DISEASE

A

also called coronary heart disease

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5
Q

a condition in which theheartbecomes enlarged and cannot pump blood efficiently

A

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

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6
Q

progressive cardiac enlargement andhypertrophy, is a process called…

A

Remodeling

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7
Q

the result of damage to the myocardiumproduced by a variety oftoxic,metabolic, or infectious agents. It may be due to fibrous change of the myocardium from a previousmyocardial infarction.

A

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

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8
Q

where there’s an abnormality in the wall (septum) between the main chambers of the heart.

A

Septal Defects

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9
Q

2 kinds of septal defects

A

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect

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10
Q

where the main large artery (Aorta) of the body, is narrower than normal.

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

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11
Q

controls the flow of blood out of the lower right chamber of the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs

A

the pulmonary valve

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12
Q

the pulmonary valve is narrower than normal .

A

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

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13
Q

where the pulmonary artery (lung artery) and main body artery (the aorta) are “swapped over” and are connected to the wrong pumping chamber.

A

Transposition of the great arteries

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14
Q

a type of ultrasound test that uses high-pitched sound waves that are sent through a device called a transducer.

A

Echocardiogram

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15
Q

a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body.

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

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16
Q

a test that measures the heart’s electrical activity

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

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17
Q

used to check whether there’s an excess amount of blood in the lungs, or whether the heart is larger than normal.

A

Chest X-ray

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18
Q

is a test that measures the amount of oxygen present in the blood.

A

Pulse Oximetry

19
Q

occurs when fatty deposits (plaques) clog the blood vessels that deliver blood to your brain and head.

A

Carotid Artery Disease

20
Q

Diseases that affect the cardiovascular system

A

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

21
Q

Treatment for Transposition of the Great Artery

A

surgical technique called arterial switch is used

22
Q

Treatment for Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

A

valvuloplasty

23
Q

are a pair of blood vessels located on both sides of your neck that deliver blood to your brain and head.

A

The carotid arteries

24
Q

occur due to problems with the blood supply to the brain

A

Strokes

25
Q

the most common form of stroke

A

Ischemic strokes

26
Q

They are caused by the arteries that connect to the brain becoming blocked or narrowed, resulting in ischemia - severely reduced blood flow.

A

Ischemic strokes

27
Q

are caused by arteries in the brain either leaking blood or bursting open.

A

Hemorrhagic strokes

28
Q

Blood vessels can burst or spill blood in the middle of the brain or near the surface of the brain, sending blood into the space between the brain and the skull.

A

Hemorrhagic strokes

29
Q

the flow of blood to the brain is only disrupted temporarily for a short time.

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

30
Q

They serve as warning signs for future strokes and indicate that there is a partially blocked artery or clot source in the heart.

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

31
Q

How to diagnose a stroke

A

Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time

32
Q

involves a surgeon opening the carotid artery and removing any plaque that might be blocking it.

A

carotid endarterectomy

33
Q

involves a surgeon inflating a small balloon in a narrowed artery via catheter and then inserting a stent

A

Angioplasty

34
Q

an inherited disorder that affects connective tissue — the fibers that support and anchor your organs and other structures in your body.

A

Marfan syndrome

35
Q

are usually tall and thin with disproportionately long arms, legs, fingers and toes.

A

People with Marfan syndrome

36
Q

Complications of Marfan Syndrome

A

Aortic enlargement

37
Q

A tear or rupture between layers of the aortic wall is

A

aortic dissection

38
Q

are medicines that help your heart beat slower and with less force.

A

Beta blockers

39
Q

man-made tube

A

Graft

40
Q

For this surgery, part of the aorta and the aortic valve are removed. The aorta is replaced with a man-made tube

A

composite valve graft

41
Q

For this surgery, your doctor replaces the enlarged part of your aorta with a graft. Your aortic valve is left in place

A

Aortic valve-sparing surgery

42
Q

help prevent blood clots from forming on your man-made aortic valve

A

Blood thinners

43
Q

blood vessels that deliver blood to your brain and head

A

Carotid arteries

Pe 2nd Long (4 decks)

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