Chapter 15

Question 1

Aphasia is the result of focal damage to the brain.

True or False

Answer 1

True - usually due to impaired blood flow (i.e. ischemia) , which causes cell death (area of infarction),

*focal brain damage is commonly caused by a stroke

Question 2

Arteriosclerosis, thrombus, and an embolism are part of this type of stroke.

Hint: sclerosis is hardening which will then cause a

Answer 2

Occlusive - blocking blood flow through an artery

*arteriosclerosis - thickening or hardening of the arterial wall

*thrombus - accumulation of blood platelets on arterial wall

*embolism - blockage of an artery by an embolus (traveling particle or debris in arterial bloodstream)

Question 3

An aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are this type of stroke.

hint: aneurynein means to dilate

Answer 3

hemorrhage - rupture of a vessel in brain

Question 4

An individual with Broca’s Aphasia will be fluent, can comprehend and can repeat.

True or False

Answer 4

False - an individual with Broca’s Aphasis is nonfluent, can comprehend, and can’t repeat

*nonfluent, reduced verbal output, increased effort speaking, dysprosody (disrupted rhythm), and agrammatism*

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2IiMEbMnPM#t=34

Question 5

An individual with Wernicke’s Aphasia will have fluent speech, trouble with auditory comprehension, and can’t repeat.

True or False

Answer 5

True - fluent aphasia, speech is frequently paraphasic (lots of unintended productions), and difficulty with auditory comprehension

*Lesion - Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus and Wernicke’s Area

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVhYN7NTIKU

Question 6

An individual who is fluent, has poor repetition, and good auditory comprehension is said to have…

Answer 6

Conduction Aphasia - fluent, poor repetition, frequent phonemic paraphasias

*Lesion - arcuate fasciculus as well as supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, posterior superior temporal gyrus

Question 7

An individual who is not fluent, can’t repeat, and cannot comprehend is to have Global Aphasia.

True or False

Answer 7

True - severe expressive and receptive aphasia, nonfluent, limited speech output, or even recurrent nonlexical (i.e. bam bam)

*Lesion - most of the perisylvian language zone

Question 8

An individual who is said to have very good repetition, comprehends, but is not fluent will have this type of Aphasia.

Answer 8

Transcortical Motor - very good repetition, poor speech output, and poor auditory comprehension

*Lesion - just outside or at the border of the perisylvian language zone and distribution of middle cerebral artery

Question 9

This type of aphasia is characterized with very good repetition, fluent, but poor auditory comprehension.

Answer 9

Transcortical Sensory - very good repetition, fluent, and poor auditory comprehension

*Lesion - border of perisylvian language zone and distribution of middle cerebral artery

Question 10

If an individual who has very good repetition, but is not fluent and can’t comprehend, they are said to have this type of Aphasia.

Answer 10

Mixed Transcortical - very good repetition, no fluency, and no comprehension

*Lesion - border of perislyvian language zone

Question 11

An individual who happens to be fluent, comprehends, and can repeat, but has word finding difficulty is said to have this type of Aphasia.

Answer 11

Anomic Aphasia - relatively good receptive and expressive, fluent, but has word finding difficulties

*Lesion - Angular Gyrus

*are also very good at circumlocution

Question 12

Defining description that distinguishes this form of Aphasia from the rest is damage to both the thalamic and basal ganglia.

Answer 12

Subcortical Aphasia

Question 13

The ability to write but can’t read

*hint: a = without ; lexis = speech

Answer 13

Alexia without Agraphia

*Lesion - posterior cerebral artery, left dominant occipital lobe, and splenium (posterior end of corpus callosum)

Question 14

To have difficulty in reading and writing is said for an individual to have this type of disorder

Answer 14

Alexia with Agraphia

*Lesion - dominant left inferior parietal lobe, involving the Angular Gyrus

Question 15

Having difficulty comprehending figurative/nonliteral langauge is not a secondary effect to Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.

True or False

Answer 15

False- difficulty comprehending figurative/nonliteral language

Question 16

Difficulty generating and interpreting inferences is a secondry effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.

True or False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Staying on-topic and organized is a secondary effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.

True or False

Answer 17

False - going off-topic, disorganized, and egocentric is a secondary effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.

Question 18

Aprosodia or difficulty comprehending or producing prosodic aspects of speech is not a secondary effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.

True or False

Answer 18

False - it is a secondary effect (will have difficulty in comprehending and producing prosodic aspects of speech)

Question 19

Attention difficulties is a secondary effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Dementia can be classified as two types.

*hint: on the surface of the “bark” and below the surface of the “bark”

Answer 20

Cortical and Subcortical

Question 21

Progressive Aphasia has three types:

*hint: N.P.A. / S.D. / L.D.

Answer 21

Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia, Semantic Dementia, and Logopenic Dementia

Question 22

NFPA (Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia) is similar to Broca’s Aphasia except for:

Answer 22

spared single-word comprehension, spared object knowledge

and

Lesion - degeneration of inferior frontal gyrus, insula, pre-motor and supplementary motor areas

Question 23

SD (Semantic Dementia) is a fluent aphasia that is mainly characterized by loss of

*hint: need to be able recall past events

Answer 23

Semantic Memory

*impaired confrontation naming, single word comprehension, object knowledge, surface dysgraphia, spared repetition,

Question 24

LPA (Logopenic Aphasia) is between NFPA and SD in terms of fluency, but a distinguishing feature in that there is a reduction in ___________

Answer 24

short term phonological memory

*impaired single word-retrieval, impaired repetition, phonologic errors in speech,

Question 25

The location of degeneration for NFPA (Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia) starts in…

hint: L.P.F.I

Answer 25

Left Posterior Fronto-Insular region

*inferior frontal gyrus, insula, pre-motor and supplementary motor areas

Question 26

The location of degeneration for SD (Semantic Dementia) starts in…

hint: A.T.L.

Answer 26

Anterior Temporal Lobe

(predominantly the left)

Question 27

The location of degeneration for LPA (Logopenic Aphasia) starts in …

hint: L.T.P.

Answer 27

Left Temporo-Parietal Junction

*posterior temporal, supra-marginal, and angular gyri

Question 28

Label the type of Aphasia based on area of lesion:

A) Broca’s Aphasia

B) Wernicke’s Aphasia

C) Conduction Aphasia

D) Global Aphasia

E) Transcortical Motor

AB) Anomic Aphasia

Answer 28

1 - A : Broca’s Aphasia

2 - B : Wernicke’s Aphasia

3 - C: Conduction Aphasia

4 - D: Global Aphasia

5 - E: Transcortical Motor

6 - AB: Anomic Aphasia