Presentation - ECM Of Animal Cells

Question 1

Glycoproteins

Answer 1

Proteins with sugars attached

Question 2

Fibronectin attaches to ECM via _______.

Answer 2

integrins

Question 3

Cancer cells must degrade _______ to metastasize.

Answer 3

ECM

Question 4

EMT

Answer 4

Epithelial/mesenchymal transition

Epithelial cells acquire motile and invasive characteristics of mesenchymal cells

Question 5

Compare and contrast epithelial and mesenchymal cells.

Answer 5

Epithelial 
Cell polarity 
Cell-cell adhesion 
Lot E-cadherin 
Little N-cadherin 

Mesenchymal 
No cell polarity 
No cell-cell adhesion 
Little E-cadherin 
Lot N-cadherin

Question 6

Many factors cause RMT, including _______, _______, and _______.

Answer 6

Snail, Slug, Zeb1

Question 7

How can you tell if cells are undergoing EMT?

Answer 7

Can stain for and measure factors (Snail, Slug, Zeb1) in the cell

Question 8

ELISA

Answer 8

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Uses antibody to measure amount of protein
Protein identified using color change
Direct and indirect forms

Question 9

Direct ELISA

Answer 9

Used only primary antibodies

Question 10

Indirect ELISA

Answer 10

Uses primary and secondary antibodies

Question 11

Sandwich ELISA

Answer 11

Uses a capture antibody bound to the well and a primary (and secondary, if indirect) antibody

Capture antibody and primary antibody are BOTH primary antibodies that recognize DIFFERENT epitopes

Question 12

In ELISA, the amount of antibody and the intensity color change are _______ proportional.

Answer 12

directly

Question 13

Cell invasion (migration) assay

Answer 13

Cells are incubated in a flask with an ECM-like material for 24-48 hrs
Non-invasive, non-cancerous cells stay attached to the ECM
Invasive, cancerous cells move through the ECM and bind to the bottom of the inert matrix

After washing to rid non-invasive cells, invasive cells can be stained and counted

Question 14

Transduction

Answer 14

Using an adenoviral vector to introduce a gene into a virus to make a recombinant virus

Time consuming and difficult to make recombinant virus

Question 15

Transfection

Answer 15

Using a nonviral vector to introduce a gene into a virus to make a recombinant virus

Easier and typically used first
If this method fails, then transduction is used

Question 16

Two types of viral genomes are _______ and _______.

Answer 16

DNA; RNA

Question 17

DNA viral genomes can be either _______ or _______ and are found in _______.

Answer 17

ss; ds; adenovirus

Question 18

RNA viral genomes can be either _______ or _______ and are found in _______.

Answer 18

ss; ds; influenza and HIV

Question 19

DNA viral genomes _______ require reverse transcriptase.

Answer 19

do not

Question 20

RNA viral genomes _______ require reverse transcriptase.

Answer 20

do

Question 21

Retrovirus

Answer 21

RNA genome
Can make a recombinant virus by putting a gene of interest in the genome to make a protein of interest
Delete gene for replication and we are left with a virus that will only make the protein of interest

Question 22

ECM

Answer 22

Extracellular matrix made up of glycoproteins, such as collagen, fibronectin, and proteoglycans

Functions include support, cell-cell adhesion, movement, and regulation