INfleunce of greek and egyptian cultures

Question 1

what was p and h heavily influenced by?

Answer 1

greek (hellenic) and Hellenistic cultures of eastern mediterranean, inc. Egypt

Question 2

Where was greek influence form?

Answer 2

from greek colonies established in southern Italy. 6 - 7 th century BC

Question 3

where was hellenistic influence from?

Answer 3

through Rome’s conquest of and trade with the Hellenistic kingdoms of Egypt and East from 2nd Century BC.
Trade between Campania and Egyptian part city of Alexandria major role in influence

Question 4

Influence of Greek in architecture?

Answer 4

• typical greek cities featured a marketplace, temples, theatres and a palaestra
• earlier, triangular forum was a greek style space
• at H, the use of greek decorative columns is evident
• H paleastra shows Greek influence in decoration and scale
• peristyles gardens based on Greek design
• use of greek capitals on columns e.g. House of Vetti replicated 3 orders of Greek columns
• geometric grid of cities.
• peristyle gardens

Question 5

INfluence of Greek in Art:

Answer 5

• later style of wall paintings featured Greek architectural motifs and copies of Greek mythological paintings.
• theatres and palaestras in P reflect Greek influence in statuary ornamentation, frequently copies of Greek originals
• ‘Alexander the Great’ mosaic (house of Faun) - Greek subject
• decorative use of sphinxes and obelisks in peristyle gardens
• Greek themes in frescoes and mosaics
• villa of mysteries depict activities of the Cult of Bacchus

Question 6

Influence of Greek religion?

Answer 6

• adaptation of Greek pantheon of Gods, worshiped privately and publicly in P and H
• Mystery Cults of Dionysus/Bacchus from greece
• Greek Epicurean philosophy popular in Campania
• image of Hercules (Herakles) found in both cities
• adoption/adaptation of Greek gods, Zeus = Jupiter, Hera = Juno, Athena= Minerva, Aphrodite = VEnus and Apollo

Question 7

Influence of Egyptian art: come mostly from Pompeii as cosmopolitan

Answer 7

• egyptian elements in statues of Egyptian deities such as Isis
• Egyptian scenes, especially the Nile filled with ducks, crocodiles, hippos, in wall paintings and mosaic, e.g. House of Faun = artwork done by skilled Alexandria artisans
• Scenes of Nile and Egyptian landscape subject to of many artworks

Question 8

What does Wallace Hadrill state about influence of Egyptian to art?

Answer 8

could have been a large influx of Egyptian craftsmen after rome’s conquest of Egypt. Coping of Egyptian symbols and motifs

Question 9

Influence of Egyptian religion:

Answer 9

• Worship of Egyptian deities: Isis, Osiris

Question 10

How did cult of Isis begin?

Answer 10

possibly came with foreign Egyptian women to P.

Question 11

What did the temple of Isis conduct everyday? What did it feature?

Answer 11

two daily services and may have been open all day.

featured Egyptian style landscapes, exotic beasts and scenes from Greek and Egyptian mythology

Question 12

What is done throughout year to honour Isis?

Answer 12

two major festivals

Question 13

Evidence of Temple of Isis significance/importance?

Answer 13

one of the first buildings to be restored after the AD 62 earthquake
images of Isis found even in houses on Lararia
some houses had garden shrines to Egyptian gods - e.g.g House of Julia Felix

Question 14

What are the orders of architecture?

Answer 14

the doric order
the ionic order
corinthian order

Question 15

what is the doric order associated with?

Answer 15

doric culture of mainland Greece. thought they original derive form wooden architecture.

Question 16

What do doric order look like?

Answer 16

plain and sober in style, but sometimes massive and heavy.
rest directly on level with no base.
at top, simple convex swelling makes the ‘capital’ or head of column.

Question 17

Evidence of Doric order?

Answer 17

at P, part of forum’s portico exhibits Doric culture, as well as peristyle of the House of the Tragic Poet.

Question 18

What is the Ionic order associated with?

Answer 18

Ionian culture of Athens, the Greek islands and the coast of Asia Minor.

Question 19

What do Ionic order look like/features?

Answer 19

lighter and more ornate than Doric columns and often elaborately decorated.
sit on base which is often highly ornamented.

Question 20

What are the flutings on the Ionic order like?

Answer 20

flutings on shafts are usually fine and deep, and the capital curls over on each side.

Question 21

Evidence of ionic order?

Answer 21

colonnade surrounding Temple of Apollo at P as well as House of Galba at H.

Question 22

How was Corinthian order developed?

Answer 22

development of Hellenistic culture, although has little association with Corinth.
First found in Arcadia, Athens and Asia Minor.

Question 23

What did the Corinthian order look like?

Answer 23

fluted like the ionic order, topped by capital which resembles a bunch of vegetation = can be very elaborately carved.
Romans favoured this order for columns on temples

Question 24

Evidence of Corinthian order?

Answer 24

the temple of Fortuna Augusta and Samnite House at H.

Question 25

What do the evidence of three orders in both H and P reveal?

Answer 25

the architecture in both cities reflect a strong Greek influence from the earliest days of settlements when nearby greek colonies were the cultural leaders.

Question 26

Influence of Odeon?

Answer 26

it is a small covered half theatre and had ‘stamp of the late Hellenistic architectural tradition’. typical Greek cities featured this and tradition Greek/Roman tragedy and comedy was extremely popular in P.

Question 27

What does the Nile mosaic from the House of Faun at P reveal?

Answer 27

Alexander the Great conquest of Egypt opened up trade rout of area and led him to bring Egyptian culture to P = cosmopolitan city