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Sociology 1301 > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Education

A

A social institution that transmits attitudes, knowledge, beliefs and etc to its members through formal systematic training

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2
Q

Schooling

A

Formal training and instruction provided in a classroom setting

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3
Q

Education Functionalist

A

Macro; Contributes to societys stability solidarity and cohesion and provides opportunities for upward mobility

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4
Q

Education Conflict

A

Macro; reproduces and reinforces inequality and maintains a rigid social class structure

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5
Q

Education Feminist

A

Macro/Micro; Produces inequality based on gender

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6
Q

Education Symbolic inter.

A

Micro; Teaches roles and values through everyday face to face interaction and practices

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7
Q

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

A

An index of an individuals performance on standardized test relative to the performance of others of the same age

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8
Q

Hidden curriculum

A

school practices that transmit nonacademic knowledge, values, attitudes, etc that legitimize economic inequality and fill unequal work roles

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9
Q

Credentialism

A

An emphasis on cetificates or degrees to show that people have certain skills educational attainment levels or job qualifications

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10
Q

Legacies

A

The children of alumni who have “reserved seats” regardless of their accomplishments or abilities

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11
Q

Tracking

A

(Streaming or ability grouping) Assigning students to specific educational programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades or abilities

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12
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Whereby students live up or down to teachers expectations and evaluations that are influenced by a students social class ..etc

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13
Q

Religion

A

Social institution that involves shared beliefs values and practices related to the supernatural that unites believers into a community

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14
Q

Sacred

A

Anything that people see as mysterious awe-inspiring, extraordinary and powerful, holy and not part of the natural world

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15
Q

Secular

A

Anything that is not related to religion

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16
Q

Religiosity

A

the way people demonstrate their religious beliefs

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17
Q

Cult

A

A religious group that is devoted to beliefs and practices that are outside of those accepted in mainstream society

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18
Q

New religious movement (NRM)

A

term used instead of cult by most sociologist

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19
Q

Charismatic leader

A

A religious leader whom followers see as having exceptional or superhuman powers and qualities

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20
Q

Sect

A

A religious group that has broken away from an established religion

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21
Q

Denomination

A

A sub-group within a religion that shares its name and traditions and is generally on good terms with the main group

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22
Q

Church

A

A large established religious group that has strong ties to mainstream society

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23
Q

Major religions

A

Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism

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24
Q

Secularization

A

A process of removing institutions such as education and government from the dominance or influence of religion

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25
Q

Fundamentalism

A

The belief in the literal meaning of a sacred text

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26
Q

Civil religion

A

(Secular religion) Practices in which citizenship takes on religious aspects

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27
Q

Religion Functionalist

A

Macro; religion benefits society by providing a sense of belonging, identity and meaning …etc

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28
Q

Religion Conflict

A

Macro; Religion promotes and legitimates social inequality, condones strife and violence between groups

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29
Q

Religion Feminist

A

Macro/Micro; Religion subordinates women, excludes them from decision-making positions and legitimizes patriarchal control of society

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30
Q

Religion Symbolic inter.

A

Micro; Religion provides meaning and sustenance in everyday life through symbols, rituals and beliefs, binds people together in a physical and spiritual community

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31
Q

Protestant ethic

A

A belief that hard work, diligence, self-denial, frugality and economic success will lead to salvation in the afterlife

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32
Q

False consciousness

A

An acceptance of a system of beliefs that prevents people from protesting oppression

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33
Q

Ritual

A

(Rite) A formal and repeated behavior in which the members of a group regularly engage

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34
Q

Health

A

The state of physical, mental and social well-being

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35
Q

Disease

A

An alteration of the normal physical and/ or mental structures of the body or mind

36
Q

Health care

A

Any activity that improves a persons well-being

37
Q

Medicine

A

System of individuals, organization, and institutions that provide scientific diagnosis, treatment and prevention of illness, injury

38
Q

Disability

A

Physical or mental impairment that limit a persons ability to perform an important activity

39
Q

Epidemiology

A

the study of the causes and distribution of disease within a population

40
Q

Chronic diseases

A

Long-term or lifelong illness that develop gradually or are resent from birth

41
Q

Acute diseases

A

illnesses that strike suddenly and often disappear rapidly but can cause incapacitation and sometimes death

42
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The number of deaths of infants per 1000 live births in a population

43
Q

Reason for contemporary illness and death

A

Age, Social class, Race and Ethnicity, Smoking, drug abuse, sexually transmitted diseases

44
Q

Binge drinking

A

Drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day out of 30

45
Q

Heavy drinking

A

Drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on 5 or more days in the past 30 days

46
Q

Health maintenance organization (HMO)

A

A business organization that provides medical care to subscribers for a fixed fee

47
Q

Sick role

A

A pattern of behavior accepted as appropriate for people who are ill

48
Q

Medical-industrial complex

A

A network of business enterprises that influences medicine and healthcare

49
Q

Gender rating

A

Charging women more than men for identical health care plans

50
Q

Medicalization

A

A process that defines and treats a non-medical condition or behavior as an illness, disorder or disease that requires a medical solution

51
Q

Demography

A

The scientific study of human population

52
Q

Population

A

A group of people who share a geographic territory

53
Q

Fertility

A

Number of babies born during a specified period in a particular society

54
Q

Mortality

A

Number of deaths during a specified period in a population

55
Q

Migration

A

Movement of people into or out of a specific geographic area

56
Q

Urbanization

A

Population movement from rural to urban areas

57
Q

Suburbanization

A

Population movement from cities to the areas surrounding them

58
Q

Exurbs

A

Areas of new development beyond the suburbs that are more rural but on the fringe of urbanized areas

59
Q

Ecosystem

A

An area in which all forms of life in relation to one another and a shared physical environment

60
Q

Global warming

A

Increase in the average temperature of earths atmosphere

61
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

the heating of earths atmosphere because of the presence pf certain atmospheric gases

62
Q

Social change

A

Transformations of societies and social institutions over time

63
Q

Collective behavior

A

The spontaneous and unstructured behavior of a large number of people

64
Q

Structural strain theory

A

Conduciveness, strain, growth & spread of a generalized belief, precipitating factors, mobilizing people for action, social control

65
Q

Rumor

A

Unfounded information that people spread quickly

66
Q

Gossip

A

Rumors, often negative, about other peoples personal lives

67
Q

Urban legends

A

(Contemporary legends or Modern) A type of rumor about stories that supposedly happened somewhere

68
Q

Panic

A

Collective flight, typically irrational, from a real or perceived danger

69
Q

Mass hystria

A

Intense, fearful, and anxious reaction to a real or imagined threat by large numbers of people

70
Q

Fashion

A

Standard of appearance that enjoys widespread but temporary acceptance within a society

71
Q

Fad

A

Form of collective behavior that spreads rapidly and enthusiastically but lasts only a short time

72
Q

Craze

A

Fad that becomes an all-consuming passion for many people for a short time

73
Q

Disaster

A

Unexpected event that causes widespread damage, destruction, distress, and loss

74
Q

Public

A

Collection of people, not necessarily in direct contact with each other, who are interested in a particular issue

75
Q

Public opinion

A

Widespread attitudes on a particular issue

76
Q

Propaganda

A

Presentation of information to influence peoples opinions or actions

77
Q

Crowd

A

Temporary gathering of people who share a common interest or participate in a particular event

78
Q

Mob

A

Highly emotional and disorderly crowd that uses the threat of force and actual force or violence against a specific target

79
Q

Riot

A

Violent crowd that directs its hostility at a wide and shifting range of targets

80
Q

Social movement

A

A large and organized activity to promote or resist a particular social change

81
Q

Types of social movement

A

Alternative, redemptive, reformative, resistance, revolutionary

82
Q

Relative deprivation

A

A gap between what people have and what they think they should have compared with others in a society

83
Q

Social movements

A

Mass society theory, relative deprivation theory, resource mobilization theory, new social movements theory

84
Q

Technology

A

Application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

85
Q

Zero population growth (ZPG)

A

Stable population level that occurs when each woman has no more than two children

Sociology 1301 (13 decks)

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