Pathology of Pituitary and Adrenal gland

Question 1

name the trophic hormones secreted from anterior pituitray?

Answer 1

TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH

Question 2

what are the non trophic hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary?

Answer 2

GH

Prolactin

Question 3

what is derived from rathke’s pouch?

Answer 3

anterior pituitary

Question 4

name the most common functional pituitary adenoma?

Answer 4

prolactinoma

Question 5

name functional pituitary adenomas?

Answer 5

prolactinoma

GH secreting
ACTH secreting

Question 6

what can cause pituitary hypofunction?

Answer 6

tumours
trauma
surgery/radiation
granulomatous inflammation
infection
haemorrhage
hypothalmic lesions

Question 7

what is craniopharyngioma?

Answer 7

derived from remnants of rathke’s pouch
slow growing, cystic, may calcify

headaches, visual disturbance

excellent prognosis

Question 8

what can cause diabetes insipidus?

Answer 8

ADH insufficiency

renal resistance to ADH

Question 9

what are the 3 zones of adrenal cortex?

Answer 9

zona glomerulosa

zona fascicultata

zona reticularis

Question 10

what hormones come from the zona glomerulosa?

Answer 10

mineralacocorticoids

aldosterone

Question 11

what hormones come from zona fasciculata?

Answer 11

glucocorticoids

cortisol

Question 12

what hormones come from zona reticularis?

Answer 12

sex steroids

glucocorticoids

Question 13

what do chromaffin cells in teh adrenal medulla scerete?

Answer 13

catecholamines

Question 14

what can cause hyperfunction of the adrenals?

Answer 14

hyperplasia
adenoma
carcinoma

Question 15

what can cause acute and chronic hypofunction of adrenals?

Answer 15

acute-waterhouse friderichsen

chronic- addisions

Question 16

describe an adrenocortical adenoma?

Answer 16

well circumscribed, encapsulated lesion, usually small

yellow/brown cut surface (lipids)

well differentiated, small nuclei

Question 17

features suggesting adrenocrotical carcinoma?

Answer 17

lareg size
haemorrhage and necrosis
frequent mitoses
lack of clear cells
capsular or vascular invasion

Question 18

what is primary hyperaldosteronism also known as?

Answer 18

conn’s syndrome

Question 19

too much cortisol

Answer 19

cushings

Question 20

3 common causes of addisons disease?

Answer 20

autoimmune
infection
metastatic malignancy

Question 21

weakness, fatigue
anorexia/weight loss
nausea
diarrhoea
tanned!
pigmentation

Answer 21

addisons

Question 22

what are the 2 main adrenal medullary tumours?

Answer 22

neuroblastoma

phaechromocytoma (10% tumour)

Question 23

what tumour is also known at the 10% tumour?

Answer 23

phaechromocytoma

Question 24

catecholamines in urine?

Answer 24

phaechromocytoma

Question 25

medullary tumour assocaited with multiple endocrine neoplasia?

Answer 25

phaechromocytoma