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PSY321 > Ch. 17 Social Cognitive Theory > Flashcards

Ch. 17 Social Cognitive Theory Flashcards

1
Q

tenets of social cognitive theory

A

(1) plasticity = central to human characteristic
- people adapt y change to their environment

(2) emphasis on vicarious learning / watching others
(3) rely on behavioral, environmental (fortuitous events y chance encounters) y personal factors
(4) people have capacity to regulate nature y their lives [agentic perspective]
(5) in morally ambiguous situations, people regulate selves through moral agency

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2
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Alberta, Canada

professor @ Stanford for over 50yrs
1974 - president of APA
investigates hypotheses generated by social cognitive theory

  • *published a lot
  • *received many/all psychology awards
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3
Q

observational learning

A

learn through action of others

  • learning can occur in absence of response
  • reinforcement or punishment to a response not essential

(ie) modeling

**aka vicarious learning

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4
Q

modeling

A

involves cognitive processes and not just imitation

  • important, core method of learning
  • characteristics of models and observers are important
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5
Q

processes governing observational learning

A

what affects observational learning

Attention
Representation (symbolically in memory)
Behavioral Production
Motivation`

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6
Q

enactive learning

A

learning from consequences

  • inform us of effects of our actions [learn from doing something and its consequence]
  • motivate future behaviors
  • reinforce behavior (not essential)
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7
Q

variables that affect human action (3)

A

interact together

environment [social factors]
behavior
person [cognitive processes]

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8
Q

differential contributions

A

the relative influence of behavior, environment, and person depends on which of the triadic factors is strongest at the moment
- not equal @ all times

(ie) fire increases influence or impact on reaction/behavior

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9
Q

chance encounters / fortuitous events

A

unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other or environmental experience that is unexpected or unintended

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10
Q

human agency

A

the capacity to exercise control over our lives

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11
Q

features of human agency:

A

(1) intentionality
(2) forethought
(3) self-reactiveness
(4) self-reflectiveness

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12
Q

intentionality

A

(human agency) intentionally performing an action

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13
Q

forethought

A

(human agency) anticipate and select behaviors for a desired outcome

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14
Q

self-reactiveness

A

(human agency) monitoring progress toward actions

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15
Q

self-reflectiveness

A

(human agency) ability to analyze and evaluate motivations, values and effect on other people
- self-efficacy = most important mechanism of reflecting

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16
Q

self-efficacy

A

people’s expectations and beliefs that they can or cannot execute the action necessary for successful change
- fluctuates based on situation

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17
Q

sources of self-efficacy (4):

A

mastery experiences
social modeling
social persuasion
physical y emotional states

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18
Q

mastery experiences

A

(source of self-efficacy) esp. of past performances

- most powerful source of self-efficacy

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19
Q

social modeling

A

(source of self-efficacy) observing someone succeed or fail

20
Q

social persuasion

A

(source of self-efficacy) someone of high status or credibility believes you can succeed/fail

21
Q

physical y emotional states

A

(source of self-efficacy)

  • moderate anxiety may enhance efficacy
  • intense physiological arousal can lower efficacy expectations
22
Q

proxy agency

A

(mode of human agency) a person authorized to act for another (indirect of certain aspects of one’s life)

(ie) police, fire department, mechanics

23
Q

collective efficacy

A

(mode of human agency) the confidence people have that their combined efforts will produce social change

  • sum of each individual’s evaluations of personal capabilities
  • each individual member’s confidence in their group
  • level of efficacy in a group
24
Q

self-regulation based on:

A

external factors

internal factors

25
Q

internal factors in self-regulation (3)

A

self-observation
judgmental process
self-reaction

26
Q

types of judgmental processes:

A

personal standards
standard of reference
value
performance attribution

27
Q

personal standards

A

(internal factor) judgmental process of determining what’s important to the individual

28
Q

standard of reference

A

(internal factor) judgmental process of how we compare ourselves to others

29
Q

value

A

(internal factor) judgmental process

  • high = high effort
  • low = low effort
30
Q

performance attribution

A

(internal factor) judgmental process of how we attribute our success

31
Q

self-reaction

A

(internal factor) how we reinforce or punish ourselves

32
Q

self-regulation through moral agency

A

(1) redefine behavior
(2) disregard/distort consequences of behavior
(3) displace or diffuse responsibility
(4) dehumanize or blame victims

33
Q

moral agency

A

justification or disengagement of control

34
Q

redefine behavior

A

justify otherwise reprehensible actions by a cognitive reconstructuring that allows them to escape responsibility
- self-regulation through moral agency

35
Q

disregard/distort consequences of behavior

A

downplay consequences

  • self-regulation through moral agency
  • may project

(ie) I didn’t hit him that hard

36
Q

displace or diffuse responsibility

A

self-regulation through moral agency

(ie) blaming

37
Q

dehumanize or blame victims

A

victims @ fault or inhuman
- self-regulation through moral agency

(ie) Nazis + Holocaust

38
Q

subfunctions of depression

A

(1) misjudgment of self-observation
(2) harsh judgment - judgmental process
(3) punish self - self-reaction

39
Q

phobias

A

fears that have severe debilitating effects on one’s daily life

40
Q

ways to learn phobias

A

(1) direct contact
(2) inappropriate generalization
(3) observational experiences

41
Q

aggression is learned through

A

(1) observation of others
(2) direct experiences w/ positive or negative reinforcements
(3) training or instructin
(4) bizarre beliefs

42
Q

Bobo doll experiment (Bandura, 1963)

A

all experimental groups (live, film, cartoon) showed aggressive behavior after seeing it modeled

43
Q

social cognitive theory therapy

A

(1) deviant behaviors = socially learned y maintained b/c they serve a function
(2) ultimate goal: self-regulation
(3) modalities

44
Q

different modalities

A

(1) overt or vicarious modeling
(2) covert or cognitive modeling
(3) enactive mastery

45
Q

overt or vicarious modeling

A

modality of observing others

(ie) observation of anxiety y phobia

46
Q

covert or cognitive modeling

A

modality of visualizing

47
Q

systematic desentization

A

treatment technique that involves the extinction of anxiety or fear through self- or therapist-induced relaxation
- enactive mastery

PSY321 (12 decks)

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