4.6 issues and debates (learning)

Question 1

what’s a reductionist learning study?

Answer 1

• watson and rayner
• reduces behaviour down to simple stimuli and response reactions of one baby
• used white rat, santa mask etc. separately to see how albert would react for each one
• therefore, it breaks the behaviour of albert down into smaller parts

Question 2

what’s a non reductionist learning study?

Answer 2

• bandura
• suggests learning is more holistic because it’s based on the reactions of different kids to each other after being in diff groups
• therefore suggests a wider perspective due to seeing how many kids behave, not breaking one kid’s behaviour down

Question 3

what’s a learning study that shows culture/gender issues?

Answer 3

• becker
• shows emic: specific behaviours of fijian people
• shows alpha: done on girls
• eat 26 score increased, bmi stayed the same and vomiting increased
• these results could’ve been different if it was done on fijian boys or any other culture

Question 4

what are two nurture learning studies?

Answer 4

1. watson and rayner

• albert was classically conditioned into fearing furry objects but did not fear them before
• feared loud sound but not the rat, but when paired together feared the rat
• therefore, shows that we learn through our interactions with the environment, not genes already in us

2. becker

• fiji adolescent girls only started to become self conscious when the intro of western TV happened
• vomiting increased and eat 26 score increased
• “when they see some of the characters are very fit in their body they want to be like them”
• therefore, this shows that their wanting to become thinner was due to environment not genes

Question 5

what’s a scientific learning study?

Answer 5

• watson and rayner
• high internal validity as they changed environment to show albert wasn’t only scared in one room
• used santa mask and other furry objects to show wasn’t just scared of rat
• therefore, shows a cause and effect rs of albert being scared of the rat solely because of classical conditioning

Question 6

what’s a non scientific learning study?

Answer 6

• becker
• done eat 26 questionnaire which participants filled out on their own
• demand and social desirability characteristics would’ve affected the results
• can’t control for them lying in interviews wanting to seem they wanna be skinny
• therefore can’t establish a cause effect rs between eat 26 score increasing and western TV intro

Question 7

what’s a learning study with practical issues?

Answer 7

• becker
• used questionnaire which could’ve caused demand characteristics and social desirability bias to show
• know they’re being observed so may change answers
• therefore not much reliability/replicability

Question 8

what’s a learning study with no practical issues?

Answer 8

• bandura
• children were covertly observed which allows to see their natural behaviour
• 3 groups of equal number of boys and girls and 1 control group
• therefore, findings are reliable and replicable

Question 9

what’s a positively socially sensitive learning study?

Answer 9

• becker
• shows fiji girls changes to eating behaviour after intro of modern western TV
• eat 26 score and vomiting increased
• “when they see some of the characters are very fit in their body they try to be like them”
• therefore, can raise awareness of signs of ED and mental health impacts on fijian girls esp from TV

Question 10

what’s a negatively socially sensitive learning study?

Answer 10

• bandura
• gives pressure to parents to be a perfect role model to kids as shown kids observing aggressive behaviour makes them aggressive naturally
• parents mental health may get harmed so has implications for them, as they may be trying their best and get angry sometimes
• therefore, sensitive for parents and carers around the world as pressure to be perfect