F-G

Question 1

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 1

the process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins

Question 2

FAD

Answer 2

Flavin Adenine Dineuclotide
A coenzyme formed by the condensation of riboflavin phosphate and adenylic acid; performs an important function in electron transport and as a prosthetic group for some enzymes

Question 3

Fatty acids

Answer 3

Hydrocarbon carob chains terminating in a carboxylic acid

Question 4

Flagella

Answer 4

Small, hairlike structure that act primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many living organisms

Question 5

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 5

The description of the cell membrane that states that each phospholipid molecule has a head that is attracted to water (hydrophilic) and a tail that repels water (hydrophobic). Both layers of the plasma membrane have the hydrophilic heads pointing toward the outside; the hydrophobic tails form the inside later of the bilayer

Question 6

Frame shift mutation

Answer 6

Any genetic mutation caused by insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by 3

Question 7

Fungi

Answer 7

Any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microoganisms such as yeasts and molds. Fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, yet also have membrane bound organelles similar to eukaryotes

Question 8

Gap junctions

Answer 8

A specialized intercellular connection that directly connects the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated gate between cells.

Question 9

Gene mutation

Answer 9

Any permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of chromosome that includes multiple genes

Question 10

Globular proteins

Answer 10

Long polymers that maintain and add strength to cellular and matrix structure; includes enzymes, hormones, membrane pumps/ channels, membrane receptors, transport, and osmotic regulators

Question 11

Glucagon

Answer 11

A peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas, that raises the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Its effect is opposite that of insulin

Glycogen –> glucose

Question 12

Glucocorticoids

Answer 12

A hormone that predominantly affects the metabolism of carbohydrates and to a lesser extent, fats and proteins.

1. Stimulates gluconeogenesis (make glucose not from glycogen but other macromolecules) (mainly in the liver).
2. Immunosurpressive agent.

Question 13

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 13

The process of self-synthesized glucose by some organisms which are not able to directly obtain hexose as a primary source of energy. It starts with pyruvate originating from glycolysisor lactate and alanine originating in muscles

Question 14

Glycogen

Answer 14

A highly branched D.-glucose polymer found in animals stored in an energy rich macro-molecule

Question 15

Glycosidic bond

Answer 15

A type of covalent bond that links sugar units together in a polysaccharide

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

A series of flattened, stacked pouches called cisternae. The golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations

Question 17

Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 17

A class of bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. The thin peptidoglycan layer of their cell wall is sandwiched between an inner cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane.

Question 18

Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 18

A class of bacteria that do retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation, due to a thicker peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall outside the cell membrane