Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro U4 > Haemophilus and Bordetella > Flashcards

Haemophilus and Bordetella Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gram stain for H. influenzae?

A

Gram (-) pleomorphic rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two things needed to grow H. influenzae on lab media?

A

Factors X (heme) and V (NAD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is H. influenzae transmitted?

A

By respiratory droplets or direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the high-pathogenicity strains of H. influenzae have?

A

polysaccharid capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What serotypes of the capsule types causes the most severe disease?

A

Type B (Hib)–causes meningitis, pneumonia, spetic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the target for the H. influenzae vaccine?

A

Hib capsule of polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the unencapsulated strain of H. influenzae called and what does it cause?

A

NTHi–may cause local mucosal infections, can spread if untreated, and is NOT covered by the vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Hib serotype of the H. influenzae have in order to colonize the respiratory epithelium?

A

IgA protease–clears IgA from respiratory mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the possible outcomes when pts develop meningitis from H. influenzae?

A

unvaccinated untreated mortality–90%

50% of survivors have neurological sequalae–deafness, developmental delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can the NTHi strain of the H. influenzae causes –the unencapsulated strain?

A

Pneumonia with biofilm formation in CF pts

Pneumonia, septic arthritis after untreated mucosal infection

Neonatal sepsis, maternal sepsis after vaginal delivery if NTHi is normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the major complications caused by Hib strain of H. influenzae?

A

Meningitis–rapid onset

Cellulitis–usually on head or neck–may affect eyes

Otitis media, sinusitis–pain and swelling tympanic membrane

Epiglottitis–swollen cherry-red epiglottis, progressive respiratory difficulty

Septic arthritis–single large joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the complications of NTHi–biotype 4?

A

Neonates–associated with prematurity, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, maternal chorioamniotis

-vertically acquired

Postpartum–sepsis with endometritis, turbo-ovarian abscess, chronic salpingitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the tx for meningitis caused by H. influenzae?

A

Ceftriaxone

Meningitis in children >2 mo: add dexamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tx of upper-respiratory infection caused by H. influenzae?

A

Amoxicillin+clavulanate
OR
Trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What its the tx for cellulitis, pericarditis, and septic arthritis caused by H. influenzae?

A

Surgical drainage in addition to:

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime axetil, cefixime, clarithromycin, azithromycin, or fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the tx for otitis media caused by H. influenzae?

A

Amoxicillin

17
Q

What type of vaccine is given for H. influenzae?

A

Capsular polysaccharide of type B conjugated to diphtheria toxoid or other carrier protein (Hib)

18
Q

What is the gram stain of B. Pertussis?

A

Gram (-) rod

19
Q

How is B. pertussis transmitted?

A

Respiratory droplets

20
Q

What does B. pertussis cause?

A

Whooping cough–primarily in infants

21
Q

What is related to the B. pertussis infection but has milder syms?

A

B. parapertussis

22
Q

What attaches B. pertussis to cilia of epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract?

A

Filamentous hemagglutinin pilus

23
Q

What does the pertussis toxin, an A-B subunit ADP-ribosylator cause?

A

Secondary attachment factor
Ciliostasis –kills ciliated cells–> less resistance to bacterial growth, cough
Inhibits chemokine signal transduction–Lymphocytosis

24
Q

What does the tracheal cytotoxin from B. pertussis cause?

A

kills ciliated cells-ciliostasis

25
Q

B. pertussis causes damaged cells and then the bacteria grows and produces what?

A

Mucopurulosanguineous exudate–compromises small airways

26
Q

What are the risk factors for the development of an infection from B. pertussis?

A 
Incomplete or absent vaccination
Prematurity
Underlying cardiac, pulmonary, neuromuscular, neurologic dz
Asthma
Obesity
Pregnancy
27
Q

What are the 3 stages of B. pertussis infection?

A

Stage 1: catarrhal–2 wks
Stage 2: Paroxysmal–2wks
Stage 3: Convalescence–2 months

28
Q

What occurs during the 1st stage of B. pertussis infection?

A

Catarrhal stage 2 wks:

Nonspecific upper respiratory syms–congestion, sneezing, rhinorrea

Maximally contagious

29
Q

What occurs during the 2nd stage of B. pertussis infection?

A

Paroxysmal stage 2 wks:

Intense coughing
–characteristic pattern–Series of hacking coughs, copious mucus production, inspiratory “whoop” as air rushes in past narrowed glottis

Infants turn blue
Children may turn red and vomit

30
Q

What occurs during stage 3 of B. pertussis infection?

A

Convalescence stage 2 months:

Fatigue and chronic cough

31
Q

What is seen when adults get B. pertussis infection?

A

Primary symtom is extremely prolonged upper respiratory infection with 110-day cough

Whoop and leukocytosis absent

32
Q

What is seen on the bloodwork of children who have the B. pertussis infection?

A

Pronounced leukocytosis

33
Q

What are the agar used to grow fastidious B. pertussis?

A

Regan-Lowe or Bordet-Gengou agar

May be negative if pt is immunized or already on antibiotics

34
Q

What is given to prevent B. pertussis from progressing and transmitting?

A

Macrolides

35
Q

What are the 2 vaccines available for B. pertussis?

A

Acellular vaccine–inactivated toxoid

Killed vaccine–whole heat-killed bacterium –> much longer-lived protection, but more pain and fever on vaccination – used outside US

36
Q

What should be used for prophylactics if unimmunized pts are exposed to B. pertussis?

A

Erythromycin

37
Q

What is needed every 10yrs for the B. pertussis vaccine to be effective?

A

Booster

Micro U4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions