Ch 10 Chem

Question 1

Kinetic molecular theory (KMT)

Answer 1

• based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion
• helps explain the behavior of gas molecules and the physical properties of an ideal gas

Question 2

ideal gas

Answer 2

an imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory

Question 3

elastic collision

Answer 3

collisions between gas particles and the particles of the container (no loss of kinetic energy)

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

the mixing of two substances caused by their random motion

Question 5

real gases

Answer 5

a gas that does not behave completely according to the KMT

Question 6

effusion

Answer 6

process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening

Question 7

fluidity

Answer 7

particles glide past one another

Question 8

surface tension

Answer 8

a force that tends to pull adjacent parts of the liquids surface together thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size

Question 9

capillary action

Answer 9

the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid, which causes the liquid to rise or fall

Question 10

vaporization

Answer 10

the process by which a liquid or solid changes into a gas

Question 11

evaporation

Answer 11

the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter into the gas state

Question 12

freezing

Answer 12

the change of state in which a liquid becomes a solid as heat is removed

Question 13

crystal

Answer 13

a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly geometric shape

Question 14

amorphous solid

Answer 14

a solid in which the particles are arranged randomly

Question 15

melting

Answer 15

the change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy as heat or changing pressure

Question 16

super cooled substances

Answer 16

substances that retain certain liquids properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid

Question 17

unit cell

Answer 17

the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire

Question 18

phase

Answer 18

one of the four states in which a substance can exist

Question 19

condensation

Answer 19

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

Question 20

equilibrium

Answer 20

a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

Question 21

boiling

Answer 21

the conversion of a liquid to a vapor

Question 22

sublimation

Answer 22

changing a solid into a gas without entering the liquid phase

Question 23

deposition

Answer 23

the change of state from a gas directly to a solid

Question 24

phase diagram

Answer 24

a graph of the relationship between the physical state of a substance and the temperature and pressure of the substance

Question 25

triple point

Answer 25

pressure and temperature at which a substances 3 states of matter coexist at the same time

Question 26

critical point

Answer 26

combination of the substances critical temperature and pressure

Question 27

temperature

Answer 27

a measure of how hot (or cold) something is

Question 28

pressure

Answer 28

the force per unit area on an object (P=F/a)

Question 29

properties of solids

Answer 29

1. definite shape and volume
2. definite melting point
3. high density
4. incompressibility
5. low rate of diffusion

Question 30

properties of liquids

Answer 30

1. fluidity
2. relatively high density
3. relative incompressibility
4. diffusion
5. surface tension
6. evaporating and boiling
7. sublimation
8. formation of solids
9. viscosity - resistance of a liquid to flow

Question 31

properties of gases

Answer 31

1. expansion - no definite shape or volume
2. fluidity
3. low density
4. compressibility
5. diffusion
6. effusion

Question 32

molar heat of fusion

Answer 32

ice=6.008 Kj/mol

Question 33

molar heat of vaporization

Answer 33

water=40.79 Kj/mol