Epidemiology

Question 1

What is a communicable disease

Answer 1

Is transmissible or infectious disease able to go from one host to another

Question 2

What is a noncommunicable disease

Answer 2

Unable to get another host however you can get it from yourself (own normal flora infection) or from the environment

Question 3

What factors are considered when seeing if a disease is reportable

Answer 3

Newer disease, is chronic or debilitating

Question 4

Is that in developed regions of the world cause more by communicable or noncommunicable diseases

Answer 4

Noncommunicable diseases (ex: cancer and heart disease)

Question 5

Is death in under developed regions of the world caused by communicable or noncommunicable diseases

Answer 5

Communicable (ex. HIV, TB, malaria)

Question 6

What is the number one cause of death worldwide

Answer 6

Pneumonia and disease caused by diarrhea

Question 7

Define morbidity rate

Answer 7

Illness rate during A specific time frame

Question 8

Within morbidity there is incidents and prevalence, define both

Answer 8

Incidence- number of new cases (tells us how much it’s spreading)
Prevalence- total of all cases(tell us how serious it is)

Question 9

Define mortality rate

Answer 9

The death rate specific time frame

Question 10

Define epidemiology

Answer 10

Study of when and where disease occur and how they are transmitted

Question 11

Define endemic

Answer 11

The expected low level of disease

Question 12

Define epidemic

Answer 12

Greater than expected levels of disease

Question 13

Define pandemic

Answer 13

Worldwide epidemic

Question 14

What is sporadic

Answer 14

Occasional diseases. Ex Ebola

Question 15

What is the link in the chain of infection

Answer 15

Reservoir of infection–> portal of exit–> transmission–> Port of entry–> susceptible host

Question 16

What are some type of reservoirs

Answer 16

Humans, animals, environment

Question 17

What are some portals of the exit

Answer 17

Coughing, sneezing, bleeding

Question 18

What are the types of transmission

Answer 18

Vertical and horizontal

Question 19

What is vertical transmission

Answer 19

Mother to baby

Question 20

What is horizontal transmission

Answer 20

Person to person

Question 21

Types of direct contact

Answer 21

Touching, kissing, sex

Question 22

Types of indirect contact

Answer 22

Fomites and droplets

Question 23

What are the vehicles of transmission

Answer 23

Food, water, air

Question 24

What are vectors of transmission

Answer 24

Mechanical (carrier on the outside) and biological (must grow on the inside)

Question 25

What is the most common portal of entry

Answer 25

Respiratory tract

Question 26

Defined parenteral group

Answer 26

Into tissues beneath the skin or mucous membranes (examples. Catheters, coats, surgical incisions)

Question 27

What are the common factors that make a host susceptible to infection

Answer 27

Immunity, general health behaviors, age, gender, genetics

Question 28

In the case of typhoid Mary what’s one thing she could’ve done to decrease transmission

Answer 28

Handwashing

Question 29

What are four things we’ve done to reduce disease

Answer 29

Sanitation, reservoir/vector control, vaccination, and Antibiotic therapy