syncope Flashcards

1
Q

labs

A
troponin
D-dimer
CBC
blood glucose
EKG
UCG
head CT
BNP
ECHO
tox screen
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2
Q

syncope def

A

Abrupt, transient complete loss of consciousness and postural tone

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3
Q

To remain conscious, the following are needed:

A
Organized cortical electrical activity
Glucose
Oxygen
Functional delivery system for O2 and glucose:
-Adequate and open vascular conduits
-Adequate BP
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4
Q

ddx

A
Hypotension (most common cause)
Poor filling, low EDV
Insufficient emptying , elevated ESV
Heart rate disorders
Vasodilation
Generalized seizures (electrical activity)
Hypoxemia
Obstructed vascular conduits
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5
Q

more specific ddx

A
Dysrhythmia*
Pulmonary embolism
Hypoglycemia
Neurocardiogenic syncope*
Dehydration*
Seizure*
Medications *
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6
Q

Life Threatening ddx

A
Dysrhythmia/cardiogenic syncope
Pulmonary Embolism
Hypoglycemia
Seizure
Hypoxemia
stroke: TIA, CVA
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7
Q

neurocardiogenic causes

A
Lightheadedness
Anxiety
Nausea
Dehydration
Diaphoresis
Fear
Prolonged standing
RAPID NORMALIZATION OF CONSCIOUNESS
ABSENCE OF HEART DISEASE
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8
Q

cardiogenic

A

Syncope secondary from disorder arising from the heart

Arrhythmias
-Most tachyarrythmias will not cause syncope due to AV node controlling limit of contraction
Valvular heart disease
Heart disease (HF or CAD)

Pre-existant cardiac condition increases risk
Exertional syncope or supine more likely to be from cardiac origin

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9
Q

testing

A
Orthostatic BP
ECG/EKG
Echocardiogram
CBC, BMP, Serum Mag
CT head
Pregnancy test
Vascular doppler of LE
CXR
Invasive EP studies
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10
Q

syncope

A
Diaphoresis
Chest pain
Palpitations
Dyspnea
CAD
Syncope with prolonged standing

Convulsive syncope

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11
Q

seizure

A

Tongue cut
Head turning
Posturing
Loss of bladder control

Postictal confusion >1min

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12
Q

syncope tx

A

IV fluids
Anti-dysrhythmic
Anxiolytic
Lifestyle modifications

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13
Q

pts dx

A

a fib

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