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MCAT mastery > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Semantic memory deals with what?

A

Facts and concepts

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2
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

Skills

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3
Q

Working memory dysfunction affects brain regions where?

A

Inside and outside the prefrontal cortex

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4
Q

Working memory effects what?

A

Reasoning, comprehension, memory, learning

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5
Q

SN2 likes hindered or unhindered?

A

Unhindered

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6
Q

What solvent is a SN2 favored in?

A

Polar Aprotic

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7
Q

A polar protic compound has?

A

A hydrogen attached to an oxygen or nitrogen

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8
Q

Neutrophines are what?

A

Protective agents in brain

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9
Q

Two types of declarative memory

A

Semantic and episodic

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10
Q

Define Juxtapose

A

Place side of side

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11
Q

What is the WORK formula, in regards to an object moving?

A

work = mass x gravity x change in height w = m x g x [delta] H

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12
Q

What is escape learning?

A

Change in behavior to REMOVE unpleasant behavior

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13
Q

What is avoidance learning?

A

A behavior change for an unpleasant experience ABOUT to occur

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14
Q

Define continuous reinforcement

A

Reward given when behavior is shown Anytime reward is shown

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15
Q

What are the 4 kinds of partial reinforcement?

A

Fixed-ratio Variable-ratio Fixed-interval Variable-ratio

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16
Q

From left to right on a phase diagram, what’re the phases?

A

Solid, liquid, gas Think of a solid and it is turning into a gas, right to left

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17
Q

What is hookes law’s formula?

A

Force = spring constant x distance F = k * x

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18
Q

Spring constant formula is what?

A

k = m * g / x Or N / m

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19
Q

Potential energy formula for spring

A

Potential E = 1/2 * k * x^2

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20
Q

Correlation

A

Method of using comparisons to show similarities

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21
Q

What is the ideal gas law

A

PV = nRT

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22
Q

A left shift in hemoglobin will cause what to happen to O2 affinity?

A

Hemoglobins affinity for O2 will increase

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23
Q

A right shift in the hemoglobin affinity curve will result in what??

A

Hemoglobin will have a lower affinity for O2

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24
Q

A left shift results from what happening to the ph, DPG, Temp?

A

pH increase DPG decrease Temp decrease

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25
Q

A right shift results from what changes in pH, DPG, and Temp

A

pH decrease (acidic) DPG increases Temp increases Remember is RIGHT to excercise, which causes TEMP INCREASE, your body to become more ACIDIC and DPG increase

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26
Q

Syllogism uses what kind of reasoning to come up with a conclusion?

A

Deductive

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27
Q

Watt is a unit of _______?

A

Power

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28
Q

Inertia formula

A

I = m x r² Remember that inertia is like the example of spinning in a chair, when your mass is closer to the center of the radius you will go faster, and vice versa

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29
Q

Current formula in regards to coulumb and time?

A

I = Q / t (C / s)

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30
Q

Wavelength (λ) is __________ proportionate to Wave Frequency (ω)

A

Inversely

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31
Q

Wavelength formula in regards to speed and frequency?

A

λ = v / f

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32
Q

Does a convex lense converge or diverge?

A

Converges CONVEx and CONVErge

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33
Q

Does a concave lense converge or diverge?

A

Diverges

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34
Q

Converging light increases/decreases the size of an image? Diverging light increases/decreases the size of an image?

A

Increase Decrease

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35
Q

Potential energy formula for spring?

A

PE = ½kx²

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36
Q

Potential energy formula object falling?

A

PE = mgh

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37
Q

PE spring = PE falling object formula

A

½kx² = mgh

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38
Q

What is conserved in the collision of two objects (non-ellastic)?

A

total momentum

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39
Q

What is conserved in an ellastic collision?

A

Total Kinetic energy

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40
Q

What are shielding e-?

A

electrons in closer subshells that protect the nucleus

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41
Q

Effective nuclear charge is ______ proportional to stability Effective nuclear charge is ______ proportional to Ionization energy? Effective nuclear charge increases from…?

A

Directly Directly Left to Right

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42
Q

What is ionization energy? Ionization energy is _______ proportional to its size?

A

The energy it takes to remove e- inversely

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43
Q

Flow rate formula

A

= Cross-sectional area (m^2) X Velocity

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44
Q

What’re the two power formulas?

A

Power = work / time Power = flow rate X pressure

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45
Q

Area formula

A

π×m²

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46
Q

You have a capacitor with two plates. The plate charge ratio is given, and between each plate the voltage is known. What is an equation for solving this type of problem?

A

C = Q/V Capacitor (farads) = Charge (coulombs) / Voltage

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47
Q

You have a TORQUE mechanism, with a force pushing against it and a fulcrum, or center point. What is an equation to solve this type of problem??

A

Torque = Force X Radius X sinø

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48
Q

What is the STP? 3 versions of temperature 2 versions of pressure

A

Temperature: 273 K 0 °C 32 °F Pressure: 100 kPa 1 atm

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49
Q

There is a force pushing against an object that is moving in a circular motion, what formula will help you, also what direction is the force directed?

A

F = m X v²/r Inward

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50
Q

Buoyancy formula given an object in water and its mass

A

Buoyancy Force = mass X g

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51
Q

A person on a scale on an elevator going a constant acceleration will notice that the scale shows?

A

No change in weight

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52
Q

Resistors in series are ______ together?

A

Added

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53
Q

Voltage Current Resistor formula?

A

V = IR

54
Q

Real images occur when light _____, where virtual images occur when light ________.

A

Converges Diverges

55
Q

You are given image distance and/or object distance and/or focal point, what equation can be used?

A

1/di + 1/do = 1/f

56
Q

H20 specific heat

A

1 cal / g C

57
Q

When light goes from low density to higher density what happens to its speed and how is it refracted?

A

It slows It bends towards the normal

58
Q

When light goes from higher density to lower what happens to its speed and how is it refracted?

A

Speeds up Bends away from normal

59
Q

In light, what is a red shift? how does it’s frequency change?

A

Moving away or lower frequency

60
Q

What are the electrons like in unpolarized light? which way do they oscillate?

A

in many different ways

61
Q

In polarized light what is the oscillation of electrons like?

A

follows a plane,

62
Q

Power of current and voltage formula?

A

P=IV

63
Q

What is the kinetic energy formula for an object moving at a speed

A

KE = 1/2 mv²

64
Q

When you polarize light, what happens to it’s intensity?

A

Decreased by 1/2

65
Q

What is Coulombs inverse square law, dealing with particles and their distance relative to one another?

A

F = k q1q2 / r²

66
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of relfection

67
Q

How do you find the total capacitance when you have capacitors in parrallel

A

Add them together

68
Q

Momentum equation - which deals with an object moving

A

mass x velocity

69
Q

How many nodes makes up a wavelength?

A

2 nodes

70
Q

Archimedes principle

A

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of fluid displace

71
Q

Energy of a photon equation?

A

E = hc / λ The photon is light and has a wavelength as well moves at the speed of sound Energy is in Joules

72
Q

Specific gravity formula

A

SG = density of substance / density of water

73
Q

What is the density of water???

A

1000 kg/m³ 1 g/cm³ 1 g/ml

74
Q

cm³ = ?

A

ml

75
Q

Calculate a Diopter

A

D = 1/f D is the optical power of the lens and f is the focal length

76
Q

Calculate the weight of something given a mass

A

Weight = m * g

77
Q

Vf² =

A

Vi² + 2aΔX

78
Q

Work formula for a force that is moving something

A

W = Force x Displacement

79
Q

Boyles Law

A

P1V1 = P2V2

80
Q

Work formula with force displacement and angle

A

Work = Force x displacement x Cos

81
Q

Decibel formula

A

Decibel = 10 log 10 (power ratio)

82
Q

1 rev or revolution = ??? in rad or radians

A

2 pi

83
Q

Newtons 1st law

A

An object is at rest or in motion until acted upon by ext. force

84
Q

Newtons 2nd law

A

Force = mass x acceleration

85
Q

Newtons third law

A

For every force on object there is an equal and opposite force exerted by the object

86
Q

What is spherical aberration?

A

An optical problem when all incoming lightr ays end up focusing at different points after passing through a spherical surface

87
Q

“inter” means what? “intra” means what?

A

With others among self

88
Q

What is the impact on boiling point of the following? Rank from causing a higher boiling point to lower. Dispersion (london forces) Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds dipole-dipole Weight Surface area

A

Ionic>Hydrogen>dipole-dipole>dispersion Increase weight or surface area = increase BP

89
Q

Mole / Liter equals what?

A

Molarity (M)

90
Q

If the base is the analyte and the acid is the titrate what will the pH curve look like?

A

It will start at a high pH and fall steeply at pH 7

91
Q

On titrations the graph is plotted by what?

A

pH of solution versus the volume of titrant added

92
Q

Dow would you calculate percentage yield if your given two numbers in grams?

A

Find the weight in moles of the theoretical. (moles/gram) Find the yield of product in grams Actual yield / theoretical yield

93
Q

What is the acid formula for an equilibrium question?

A

HA + H20 -> H30+ + A-

94
Q

Ka equation of equilibrium

A

Ka = ([H3O+][A-] / [HA] Products over reactants

95
Q

What happens to the melting point when you have impurities?

A

The mp will decrease slightly.

96
Q

Gel electrophoresis tests what

A

Protein lengths

97
Q

In aromatic rings what are the number of pi possiblities you can have?

A

2,6,10, 14, 18 4n+2 For each double bond multiplied by two

98
Q

Catecholamines do what to glycogenolysis?

A

Increase

99
Q

What size is glucose ring?

A

6 members

100
Q

What size is fructose a ring size?

A

5 members

101
Q

What is sucrose made up of?

A

Glucose and fructose

102
Q

Bacterial expression of human proteins is cheap/expensive and predictable/unpredictable

A

Cheap Predictable

103
Q

What is better organic synthesis or vector synthesis for protein expression in humans

A

Vector expression

104
Q

When you think of speed what physics formula should you think of?

A

Kinetic energy K = 1/2 mv²

105
Q

Kinetic energy is what unit?

A

joules

106
Q

How do you find the total mechanical energy?

A

E = PE + KE potential energy + kinetic energy

107
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy is neither created or destroyed

108
Q

Whats the difference between conservative forces and nonconservative forces?

A

conservatives forces don’t dissipate energy

109
Q

When conservative forces are present the total mechanical energy will ?

A

stay constant

110
Q

Nonconservative work formula = ?

A

Wnonconservative = ΔE = ΔPE + ΔKE Nonconservative work = Δ Mechanical energy = ΔPotenial + ΔKinetic

111
Q

When WORK is done BY a system it is said to be ? Work done ON a system?

A

+ -

112
Q

Work is the change in ?

A

Energy (joules)

113
Q

Net work is equal to what kind of Δenergy?

A

Δ Kinetic energy Kf - Ki

114
Q

The zeroeth law of thermodynamics states that if

A

a = b and b = c then a = c in terms of equillibrium This is pretty much saying that no heat flows in objects where there is thermal equillibrium

115
Q

What is the farenheit formula if you are given celcius?

A

F = 9/5 C + 32

116
Q

Thermal expansion formula for an object is what?

A

ΔL = aLΔT

117
Q

A liquid undergoing thermal expansion, use what formula?

A

ΔV = BVΔT

118
Q

Isolated systems cannot exchange what?

A

Energy and matter

119
Q

Closed systems will exchange

A

energy but NOT matter

120
Q

Open systems exchange what?

A

Energy and matter

121
Q

The change in internal energy (ΔU) in a system is equal to what?

A

ΔU = Q - W energy transferred into system as heat minus the work done by the system

122
Q

1 Cal = ? cal = ? J = ? BTU

A

10³ cal = 4184 J = 3.97 BTU

123
Q

1 cal = ? J

A

4.184 J

124
Q

Specific heat of water is?

A

1 cal / g * K

125
Q

Heat transfer equation =

A

mcΔT

126
Q

A solid going to gas phase is called?

A

sublimation

127
Q

A gas turning into a solid is called?

A

deposition

128
Q

What is fusion in thermodynamic phase changes?

A

Solid turning to liquid

129
Q

Entropy equation

A

ΔS = Q(reversible) / Temperature

130
Q

Thermodynamics: ΔU = Q - W + ΔU - ΔU

A

Increase temperature Decrease temperature U = Change in internal energy of system

131
Q

Thermodynamics: ΔU = Q - W + Q = ? - Q = ?

A

Heat into the system Heat out of the system Q = heat (J)

132
Q

Thermodynamics : ΔU = Q - W + W = ? -W = ?

A

Work done BY system (expansion) Work done TO system (compression) Work (J)

MCAT mastery (18 decks)

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