Cells of the Immune System

Question 1

Which cells are a part of both the innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 1

gamma delta T cells

NKT cells

Question 2

What type of cells make up the adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

B and T cells

Question 3

What are CD markers? What do they refer to?

CD markers are a way to… ______.

Answer 3

Cluster of Differentiation markers are a way to define nomenclature for cell surface molecules like receptors, ligands, and adhesion molecules.
Distinguish between immune cell populations (immunophenotyping).

Question 4

What what do immune responses result?

Answer 4

A coordinated activity between many cells, organs, and microenvironments in the body.

Question 5

What are HSCs?
What is their ability?
From what are they derived? 
Where are they located?
What is their CD identifier?

Answer 5

Hematopoietic stem cells
Differenitate into many types of cells
The mesoderm
pluripotent cells located in red bone marrow
CD34+

Question 6

What are fixed leucocytes?

Answer 6

Tissue resident cells

Question 7

What are the two major classes of HSCs?

Answer 7

Common myeloid/lymphoid progenitor cells. CMP/CLP

Question 8

Name some CLPs.

Name some CMPs.

Answer 8

T cell, B cells, DCs, NK cells

DCs, Macrophage/monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, mast cell, platelets, erythrocytes

Question 9

What are Erythrocytes?

What are Megakaryocytes?

Answer 9

RBCs, anuclear (CMP)

Form platelets - cell fragments in circ for clotting (CMP)

Question 10

What do platelets do in the immune system?

Answer 10

Trap bacteria and help destroy.
Promote neutrophil tethering/activation
Promote DC/T cell activation and adaptive immune responses

Question 11

What are monocytes? What are their function?

Answer 11

CMP migrates into tissues and differentiates as macrophages - repairs, remodels, destroys, and Ag presentation
Can differentiate into mDCs for T cell Ag presentation
Generates tissue resident macrophages (osteoclasts, microglial cells, alveolar macrophages)

Question 12

What are granulocytes?

What cells fall under the granulocyte heading and what are their functions?

Answer 12

CMPs with CD66b+
neutrophil - first responder phagocytes
eosinophil - against multicellular parasites
basophils - non-phagocytic, release histamine
mast cells - in tissues, release histamine

Question 13

Eosinophils produce?
Basophils produce?
Mast cells produce?
Monocytes/macrophage produce?
(Cytokines)

Answer 13

IL-4 and IL5/IL13
IL-4 and histamine
IL5/IL13, histamine, and IL1/IL6, TNF
Il1/IL6 and TNF

Question 14

Give a brief description of B cells.

Answer 14

CLP. 
Express BcR which recognize intact Ag. 
Sythesize Abs. 
Naive B cells differentiate into memory B cells, effector plasma cells (Ab secretion).
CD19+ and CD20+

Question 15

Give a brief description of T cells.

Answer 15

CLP.
Express TcR which recognize processed Ag from MHC.
Naive T cells differentiate into memory, effector (CD4) Cytotoxic (CD8) and more.
Subset similar to NK cells called NKT.
All are CD3+

Question 16

Give a brief description of NK cells.

Answer 16

CLP
Recognize the absence of MHC I
Important for killing tumour /virus infected cells
CD56+

Question 17

Give a brief description of pDCs.

Answer 17

CLP