Final Flashcards
How are plant and animal cells different?
Animal cells have a cell membrane; plants do not
Animals cells don’t have chloroplasts; plants do
Animal cells have centrioles; plants do not
Where does DNA replication occur?
DNA occurs only run the nucleus.
Where is uracil found?
Uracil is found only in mRNA.
What is a Codon.
A codon is a nucleotide triplet.
What is an example of complementary-base pairing?
An example of complementary base pairing would be; A-T , C-G
What is the ribosome?
A ribosome is a cite for protein; protein factory
What is a gene?
A gene is a length of DNA, that governs a trait.
What makes up a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is made up with; Phosphoric acid, 5 carbon sugar, and a base
What is transcription?
Is process of copying a gene, other known as DNA replication.
What’s the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?
Deoxyribose has 1 less oxygen in its sugar; Ribose contains one more oxygen in its sugar.
What is RNA polymerase?
RNA polymerase is known as Transcriptase
What is DNA polymerase?
DNA polymerase is the proof reading for a new DNA strand.
What’s the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis. Meiosis.
- short; 1division -longer; 2 divisions
- Asexual -sexual; sex organs
- Identical daughter cells -haploid cells
What is a gamete?
A sexual reproductive cell; using sex cells.
List the cell division stages in order.
1 interphase 2 prophase 3 metaphase 4 anaphase 5 telophase 6 cytokinesis
What are the characteristics of all living things?
- We are all made up of cells.
- All ,Living things reproduce.
- All living things use DNA.
- All living things grow and develop.
- All living things obtain and use energy.
- All living things respond to their environments.
- Homeostasis means “staying the same” (body temp).
- All living things develop over time.
What is the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes;
- Nucleus - Lysosomes - Cytoplasm
- ER - Vacuoles
- Golgi apparatus - Mitochondria
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotic cells both contain;
- Cell membranes
- DNA
What is the CELL WALL?
The cell wall is a stiff, non living layer outside the cell membrane made of cellulose.
What is the CELL MEMBRANE?
The cell membrane is a double layered sheet that surrounds the cell.
What is the NUCLEUS?
The nucleus contains almost all the DNA.
What is a VACUOLE?
A vacuole is an organelle that is a sac-like storage that stores water, salt and proteins.
What is the CYTOSKELETON?
The cytoskeleton is small thread like structures that shape and help movement in the cell.
What is the MITOCHONDRIA?
The mitochondria is an organelle that converts the chemical energy in food into energy that is more easily used.
What is the CHLOROPLAST?
The chloroplast captures energy from sunlight to make glucose for the cell to use.
What is the CYTOPLASM?
The cytoplasm is the region between the other organelles.
Any tiny structure that performs a specialized function in the cell.
Organelle
A plant organelle that may store starch or pigments.
Plastid
Converts chemical energy in food into a form that is more easily used.
Mitochondria
Transport channels that are studded with ribosomes
Rough ER
Modifies, collects, packages and distributes proteins that are produced by the cell.
Golgi apparatus
Saclike storage structure found in both animal and plant cells
Vacuole
Short thread like structure that helps a unicellular organism to move
Cilium
Traps energy from sunlight and converts it to chemical energy
Chloroplast
Contains digestive enzymes that help clean up the cells
Lysosomes
Framework of filaments and fibres involved in cell support and movement
Cytoskeleton
An organelle that serves as a protein factory
Ribosome
Tiny holloway tube made up of proteins that is involved with support, the move net of organelles with in the cell and formation of centrioles.
Microtubles
Long thin fibre that functions in the movement and support of the cell
Microfilament
A complex network of channels that is involved with transport, storage and making and modifying proteins.
ER
Dependant variable?
Is the effect.
Independant variable?
Is the cause.
What is hypertonic? Does it want to gain or loose [ ] ?
“Hyper” means too much / more [ ]. It wants to loose [ ]
What is hypotonic? Does it want to gain or loose [ ] ?
“Hypo” means too little / less [ ] . It want to gain
What is isotonic?
“Iso” means the same. It is equal
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of solutes; it moves from high too low
What is concentration?
Concentration is the amount of space between molecules %
What does it mean to be impermeable to a substance?
It means that substance will not move.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
The Glycolysis process take place where?
Cytoplasm
The kerbs cycle take place where?
Matrix of the mitochondria
The process ETC takes place where?
Cristea
The process fermentation takes place where?
Cytoplasm of yeast and muscles
The energy in ATP is found in?
The chemical bonds of three phosphate groups.
Glucose is broken down into?
Pyruvic acid
What is the difference between RNA and DNA?
DNA. RNA.
- Double strand - Single stranded
- Deoxyribose - Ribose
- Thymine - Uracil
Who is James Hutton?
He estimates the that the earth is shaped by geological that took place over extremely long periods of time. He estimates Earth to be millions of years old.
Who is Charles Lyell?
He thinks that the processes occurring now have shaped Earths geological features over long periods of time.