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kp16 > 5) Seperation of powers > Flashcards

5) Seperation of powers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three seperate powers?

A

Judges.
Legislatures.
Executives.

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2
Q

What is a fused-power system?

A

Voters elect the legislatures.
The legislature elect the executive branch.
The executive branch can dissolve the legislature.

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3
Q

What is a separation-of-power system?

A

Voters elect the legislatures.
Voters elect the executive branch.
The executive branch cannot dissolve the legislature.

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4
Q

What are the three different types of government?

A

Parliamentarism.
Presidentialism.
Semi-presidentialism.

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5
Q

What defines parliamentarism?

A

A fused-power system, where the legislatures and the executive branch depends on each others support, because the government is elected by the legislatures.

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6
Q

What defines presidentialism?

A

A SoP system, where the legislatures and the executive branch are not related, because they are elected seperately by the voters.

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7
Q

What defines semi-presidentialism?

A

Consists of both a president and a primeminister.

The president is directly elected, and he appoints the cabinet.

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8
Q

What defines the majoritarian model?

A

Concentration of executive power in single-party majority cabinets.

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9
Q

What defines the consensus model?

A

Executive power-sharing in broad multiparty coalitions.

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10
Q

What are the arguments for parliamentarism?

A

Cabinets better for sharing power.
Lower risk of stalemate.
Flexible term.

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11
Q

What are the arguments for presidentialism?

A

Disadvantages only under divided government.
Compensate for weak party system.
Better checks and balances.

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12
Q

What defines a unicameral system?

A

The legislature has one chamber.

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13
Q

What defines a bicameral system?

A

The legislature has two chambers: a lower and an uppeer chamber.

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14
Q

Who does the lower chamber represents?

A

The population as a whole.

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15
Q

Who does the upper chamber represents?

A

Specific or territorial defined groups.

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16
Q

How is the autonomy of legislatures?

A

The congress has more autonomy than a parliament, because it is less constraint by the government.

17
Q

Why is the autonomy of parliaments limited?

A

Because there is limited room for conflict with government.

18
Q

What are the legislatures tasks?

A

Linkage and representation.
Oversight and control.
Policy-making.

19
Q

What does ‘linkage and representation’ inclued?

A

The legislative is a forum for debate, which also represent and protect interests.
More effective in single-member constituencies.

20
Q

What does ‘oversight and control’ inclued?

A

Legislatures should monitor the executive branch.

Policy control weak in congress, but stronger in parliament.

21
Q

What does ‘policy-making’ inclued?

A

Legislatures consulation with the executive branch.

Delay/veto are constrained in parlimentary systems.

22
Q

What is a divided government?

A

The presidency is held by one party, and at least one chamber of congress is controlled by the other party.

23
Q

What is a unified government?

A

The presidency and all chambers are held by one party.

24
Q

What does patronage means?

A

Policy support is exchanged for material goods.

25
Q

What is a minority government?

A

A government which has under 50 % of the seats, but has support from the majority of the seats.

26
Q

What is a majority government?

A

A government which has at least 50 % of the seats.

27
Q

What is a single-party government?

A

A government which consists of one party.

28
Q

What is a coalition government?

A

A government which consists of a coalition of several parties.

29
Q

What does the ideal package of institutions look like (according to the consociationalist perspective)?

A

Deep social divisions within a country’s population are best addressed through two practices: (a) power sharing and (b) group autonomy.

30
Q

What does Selway & Templeman (2012) conclued on PR/parliamentarism and political violence?

A

PR and parliamentarism appear to exacerbate political violence when ethnic fractionalization is high.

31
Q

What defines the legislature in a fused-power system, where the party system is centralized?

A

Parliament.

32
Q

What defines the legislature in a fused-power system, where the party system is decentralized?

A

Strong parliament.

33
Q

What defines the legislature in a SoP system, where the party system is centralized?

A

Weak congress.

34
Q

What defines the legislature in a SoP system, where the party system is decentralized?

A

Congress.

kp16 (15 decks)

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