Psychosocial Flashcards
When is an abortion allowed
when a medical practitioner and two others are of opinion that: its not passed the 24th week, injury to health/mental of mother or child. continuation poses greater risk. Child suffering.
consent in 16-17 yr olds
presumed to have capacity unless shown otherwise, so can give consent. If they refuse, parents can consent if in best interest.
Consent under 16 and Gillick competent
presumed not to have capacity unless shown otherwise, then can give consent. When can understand. Unlikely under 13 have capacity.
Children who are not Gillick competent
Parental responsibility give consent in childs best interest. Can involve courts. (specific issue order) In an emergency act to save the life.
confidentiality in minors
same as adult. only broken when health + safety at risk. share info about under 13s sexual activity as deemed not to give consent.
what is a health behaviour
aimed to prevent disease, eating healthily etc
what is illness behaviour
aimed to seek remedy, going to the doctor etc
what is sick role behaviour
activity aimed at getting well
Attribution theory
About causality. Internal vs external locus of control. stable vs unstable. global vs specific. control vs uncontrollable.
risk perception
not rational when lack of experience with the problem, belief its preventable, belief that its not appeared yet so wont. belief that its infrequent. leads to selective focus - ignore risk increasing behaviour.
risk compensation - behaviour can be neutralised by another
self affirmation theory
protect self integrity. if presented with info that threatens sense of self, behave defensively. but if can self affirm, threat to resist information is reduced.
HBM
perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers.
Pain
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Subjective.
Predictors of pain and disability
Resilience model, reduction in pain. (acceptance, mindfulness, readiness for change, optimism, coping, self efficacy.) Vulnereability models, increase experience of pain. (anxiety, depression, fear, catastrophising, somatic attention)
three process model of pain
physiological (tissue damage, endorphins etc), cognitive (classical and operant conditioning, role of affect - anxiety, fear, role of cognition - catastrophising(rumination, magnification, helplessness)meaning, attention.) behavioural.
ABCDE system of CBT
Awareness. Beliefs. Challenge. Delete. Evaluate.
Fit note
an employer shouldnt ask for evidence before 7 days. you can get statutory sick pay for 28 weeks.
Perception
Oart if the memory and retrieval process, dependant on attention. bottom up processing -matches to excisting sets in the brain, then recognises it.
Top down - we see what we expect.
Attention
Selective - attend more to stimuli that are changing, meaningful. Divided or focused. Negativly effected by stress.
sensation
function of the low-level biochemical and neurological events that begin with the impinging of a stimulus upon the receptor cells of a sensory organ. It is the detection of the elementary properties of a stimulus.
goals of sensation and preception
P - create useful information of the surroundings. S - detection. Linked by transduction
principles of gestalt
adjacency/proximity principle: things closer together will be percieved as belonging together. Similarity principle: look similar percieved as part of the same form. Good continuation: refers to predictability or simplicity. Law of closure: visual system supplies missing info that closes the outline of an incomplete figure.
Model of memory
Perception, storage, retrieval
ICF
Impairment, activity limitation, participation limitation
Disability
physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on your ability to carry out normal day- to- day activities.
Individual model of disability
Personal tragedy, medical problem, individual adjustment
Social model
- community participation is hindered by inaccessible environments.
- those with disabilities are oppressed by medical and social service professionals.
- underestimation of needs, poverty and deprivation.
Psychological model of disability
motivated to engage in the activity because it results in things they like, because they believe that other people who are important to them would like them to do it and because they believe they can.
biographical disruption
The experience of chronic illness leads to a loss of confidence in the body, and from this follows a loss of confidence in social interaction or self-identity
crisis model
primarily though not exclusively associated with the consequences of labelling and stigma. Here, the onset of a chronic illness is seen to irreversibly change the social status of an individual
negotiation model
focuses upon the emergent nature of the chronic illness experience. Living with a chronic illness is seen as representing a potential loss of self, in which the individual struggles to maintain `normality’ over time, and in the face of the uncertainty associated with such degenerative and debilitating illnesses. Thus, the model emphasises ‘adaptation’ rather than the adoption of a ‘deviant identity’ as in the stigma and labelling model.
types of stigma
- Stigma –branding or making.
- Enacted Stigma – societal reaction produces discriminatory experiences.
- Felt Stigma – expected societal reactions can change self-identity.
Effects of deafness
development of speech, language and cognitive skills in children. Slow progress in school. Difficulties with jobs. Social isolation and stigma. Risk of depression. Anxiety, reduced motivation.
fast mapping
children first learn the names of things which they interact, this quick learning of new content words is fast mapping
overextension and underextention
overextension - says ball when looking at an orange. uses ball to only describe a small red ball in underextension.
