B1: Cell Activity Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the cell’s activities. Contains the genes on the chromosomes.

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Liquid like gelSite of chemical reactions.

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3
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Controls the passage of substances in/out of the cell. UREA leaves the cell- OXYGEN enters.

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where oxygen is used and energy is released during respiration.

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where protein synthesis occurs

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6
Q

Chloroplast

A

Contains chlorophyll.Absorbs light energy to make food by photosynthesis.

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7
Q

Plastid

A

Any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts, in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food.

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8
Q

Vacuole

A

Filled with cell sap.Helps keep the cell rigid to support the plant

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9
Q

Cell Wall

A

Made of cellulose. Strengthens the cell and gives it support.

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10
Q

Bacterial Cell (7)

A
  • Slime Capsule (Stops bacteria drying out)- Cell Membrane- Cell Wall- Cytoplasm- Flagella- Plasmids - Genetic Material
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11
Q

Yeast Cell (6)

A
  • Vacuole- Food Storage Granules- Cytoplasm- Cell Wall- Cell Membrane- Nucleus
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12
Q

What is unusual about the Bacterial Cell?

A

The Genetic Material is not enclosed in a Nucleus.

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13
Q

Which is bigger- Bacteria or Yeast?

A

Yeast

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.

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15
Q

Isotonic

A

Same concentration of sugars on either side of the cell wall.

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16
Q

Flaccid

A

Drooping or Inelastic through lack of water

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17
Q

Turgid

A

Swollen and Distended or congested.

18
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient and/or across a cell membrane, using energy from respiration.

19
Q

Diffusion

A

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient.

20
Q

Why do single celled organisms have a relatively large surface area to volume ratio?

A

So all necessary exchanges with the environment take place over this surface.

21
Q

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

A

Diffusion is the movement of all types of particle from a region of high to low concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water from a dilute solution across a partially permeable membrane.

22
Q

5 main structures of an animal cell

A

CytoplasmNucleusCell MembraneMitochondriaRibosomes

23
Q

Flagella

A

Long protein strands.Used to move about.

24
Q

Plasmids

A

Extra circles of DNA found in bacterial cytoplasm.

25
Q

Slime Capsule

A

an unorganised layer of extracellular material that surrounds bacteria cells.

26
Q

Yeast

A

Single celled fungi which produce ethanol when they respire carbohydrates anaerobically.

27
Q

Asexual Budding

A

A form of asexual reproduction where a complete new individual forms as a bud on the parent organism.

28
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells with similar structure and function.

29
Q

Net movement =

A

Particles moving in-Particles moving out

30
Q

Organs

A

Made of tissues, but can contain several types of tissue.

31
Q

During diffusion, the greater the difference in concentration between the two areas…

A

… The faster the rate of diffusion.

32
Q

HypERtonic

A

The concentration of sugars outside the cell is HIGHER than the concentration inside the cell.

33
Q

HypOtonic

A

The concentration of sugars outside the cell is LOWER than the concentration inside the cell.

34
Q

What is needed for Active Transport to take place?

A

Energy from respiration.

35
Q

Why is active transport important?

A

It allows cells to absorb very important substances from very dilute solutions.

36
Q

Turgor

A

When the pressure of the cell wall on the cytoplasm makes the cell rigid.

37
Q

Gaseous exchange

A

The exchange of gases e.g. O2 and CO2 which occurs between the air in the lungs and the blood.

38
Q

4 Characteristics of Exchange Surfaces

A

Large SA Thin (In animals) Efficient Blood Supply (In animals) Ventilated

39
Q

Villi

A

Finger-like projections from the lining of the small intestine which increases the SA for the absorption of digested food into the blood.

40
Q

Exchange Surface

A

A surface where materials are exchanged in larger organisms.

41
Q

3 plant cell structures

A

> Vacuole

> Cell Wall

> Chloroplasts