B7: Homeostasis

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The process by which automatic control systems maintain almost constant conditions within the body.

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Chemical substances that coordinate many body processes.

Question 3

What does sweating affect?

Answer 3

The temperature and water content of the body.

Question 4

How does sweating cool the body?

Answer 4

It uses heat energy from the skin to evaporate the water.

Question 5

% of CO2 coming into the body vs going out

Answer 5

In: 0.04% Out: 4%

Question 6

3 functions of the liver

Answer 6

> Deamination of excess amino acids > Detoxification of poisonous substances > Breakdown and production of Red Blood Cells (Stores Iron)

Question 7

What is in Urine?

Answer 7

Urea Excess mineral ions Excess water

Question 8

Urobilin

Answer 8

A yellow pigment excreted in urine from the breakdown of haemoglobin in the liver.

Question 9

How is glucose reabsorbed from the kidneys?

Answer 9

Active Transport (against a concentration gradient)

Question 10

Deamination

Answer 10

The removal of an amino group from an amino acid.

Question 11

Selective Reabsorption

Answer 11

The varying amount of water and mineral ions that are taken back into the blood in the kidney, depending on what is required by the body.

Question 12

Where are hormones produced?

Answer 12

The endocrine glands

Question 13

What does adding ADH do?

Answer 13

Makes the kidney more porous.

Question 14

Negative Feedback System

Answer 14

A system of control based on an increase in one substance triggering the release of another which brings about a redirection in levels of the initial stimulus.

Question 15

If less ADH is released, is more or less urine produced?

Answer 15

More, but less concentrated.

Question 16

What does dialysis rely on?

Answer 16

Diffusion down a concentration gradient.

Question 17

What is in dialysis fluid?

Answer 17

Water Glucose Mineral Ions

Question 18

What is removed from the blood during dialysis?

Answer 18

Urea Excess Salt

Question 19

Disadvantages of a kidney transplant

Answer 19

> They don’t last forever > Immunosuppressant drugs

Question 20

Disadvantages of dialysis

Answer 20

> Carefully controlled diet and exercise > Takes 8 hrs several times a week

Question 21

Where is the thermoregulatory centre?

Answer 21

Hypothalamus

Question 22

Body’s cooling mechanisms

Answer 22

> Blood vessels vasodilate (more heat lost through radiation) > Sweat (evaporation takes heat energy from blood) > Hairs lie flat (less insulation)

Question 23

Body’s heating mechanisms

Answer 23

> Blood vessels vasoconstrict (less heat lost through radiation) > Hairs stand on end (trap an extra insulating layer of air) > Shivering (muscles contract and relax rapidly, which releases more energy)

Question 24

Glucose Glycogen Glucagon

Answer 24

Sugar Storage Carbohydrate Hormone

Question 25

2 hormones produced in the pancreas

Answer 25

Insulin Glucagon

Question 26

What does glucagon target?

Answer 26

Glycogen, to turn it back into sugar from the storage carb that insulin made it into. (stored in the liver)

Question 27

Insulin

Answer 27

A hormone that reduces blood glucose concentration.

Question 28

Glucagon

Answer 28

A hormone that increases blood glucose concentration.

Question 29

Diabetes

Answer 29

When your blood glucose cannot be controlled because the pancreas isn’t making enough, or any, insulin, or the body has stopped responding to it.

Question 30

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 30

> When the pancreas stops/decreases insulin production. > Treated by insulin injections

Question 31

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 31

> Insulin is still produced but the body cells stop responding to it. > Treated by controlled diet and exercise.