Chapter 6- Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What colour do gram -ve stain and what type of peptidoglycan layer do they have?

A

Pink/red

Thin peptidoglycan cell wall

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2
Q

Do atypical stain?

A

No

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3
Q

What shape of bacteria are bacilli?

A

RODS

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4
Q

What shape of bacteria are cocci

A

‘Seeds’ round blobs

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5
Q

Name three anaerobes

A

Peptococci/peptostreptococci

Clostridia

Bacteroides

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6
Q

What type of peptidoglycan does chlamydia have?

A

Doesn’t have any! It’s atypical

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7
Q

Why is legionella classed as atypical when it’s gram -ve?

A

Because it concentrates intracellularly

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8
Q

Why is mycobacteria wierd?

A

It has a lipid rich cell wall- no peptidoglycan

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9
Q

Name 4 things you need to consider when treating infections?

A

Type of Baxter
Site of infection
Properties of antibacterial agent
MIC of organism

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10
Q

What are the 6 steps in the antibiotic prescribing decision process?

A

1) diagnose and rate severity
2) agent(s)- informed by empirical or MC&S
3) route (IV/PO)
4) dose (does it need adjusting)
5) duration/review date (must be documented)
6) monitoring and safety netting

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11
Q

What’s the CURB65 score?

A

C- confusion
U- urea >7mmol/L
R- respiratory rate >30/min
B-BP SBP65

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12
Q

What does a CURB65 score of 3+ represent

A

Manage in hospital as severe

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13
Q

What does a CURB65 score of 2 represent

A

Consider hospital supervised treatment

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14
Q

What does a CURB65 score of 0/1 represent?

A

Likely suitable for home treatment

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15
Q

Which of the following has less chance of nosocomial infection:
Empirical guidelines
MC&S

A

MC&S

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16
Q

Name the 4 classifications of allergies

A

Type 1 72hrs
Type 3 >72hrs
Other idiopathic >72hrs

17
Q

Should patients with type 1 IgE mediated allergy receive penicillin?

A

NO! ANAPHYLAXIS

18
Q

What does HCAI stand for?

A

Healthcare associated infection

19
Q

Give two examples of healthcare associated infections

A

MRSA

ESBL

20
Q

Why is there many interactions with ciprofloxacin?

A

It’s a P450 enzyme inhibitor

21
Q

Why is there many interactions with rifampicin?

A

It’s a potent inducer of p450 enzymes

22
Q

Why is there interactions with macrolides?

A

They are CYP3A4 inhibitors

23
Q

What’s the risk with macrolides and statins

A

Myopathy

24
Q

What does AAD stand for?

A

Antibiotic associate diarrhoea

25
Q

Name 4 key types of resistance we are worried about?

A

MRSA
GISA/GRSA
betalactamases
GREs

26
Q

Is clostridium difficile an opportunistic infection?

A

Yeah

27
Q

Name 3 high risk antibiotics that can cause C.diff?

A

Clindamycin
Cephalosporin
Co-amoxiclav

28
Q

What does ECDC stand for?

A

European centre for disease prevention and control

29
Q

ESAC-net stands for what?

A

European surveillance of antimicrobial consumption

30
Q

Who funds EARS-net

A

ECDC

31
Q

What does EARS-net report?

A

Reports specifically on resistance patterns

32
Q

What colour do gram +ve stain and what type of peptidoglycan layer do they have?

A

Stain blue/purple

Thick peptidoglycan layer