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IT X > Unit 3 Chap 9 & 10 (19 -29) > Flashcards

Unit 3 Chap 9 & 10 (19 -29) Flashcards

1
Q

What is data?

A

Raw facts & figures which haven’t been processed.

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2
Q

What is information?

A

Data with meaning added i.e. processed

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3
Q

Information =

A

Data + meaning

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4
Q

What should you consider when designing a data capture form? (7)

A

Leave enough space for answers

Make sure all necessary details are added

Layout should be simple & logical

Separate into parts if filled by 2+ people

Make sensible use of available space

Instructions should be clear with examples if appropriate

A clear title should describe its use

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5
Q

Why code data? (3)

A

Faster to type than full words

Faster for computer to form searches & sorts

Codes are designed to be unique

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6
Q

3 things to consider when designing codes

A

Should always be the same length

Must be easy to use & remember

Mustn’t be too short

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7
Q

2 problems with codes

A

Remembering what code represents

Staff may require training to use codes

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8
Q

What is a database?

2 examples

A

Colletcion of information

Pupil details in a school

Product details for a business

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9
Q

5 problems with databases on paper

A

Vast amounts of paper needed

Only 1 person at a time can use each document

Documents can get lost

Searching takes a long time

Gathering info from different docs takes ages

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10
Q

4 advantages with computer databases

A

Large amounts of data stored in a small space

Can search quickly

Less likely to be lost

More than 1 user can see data at 1 time

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11
Q

4 disadvantages with computer databases

A

Expensive to buy & install equipment

Collecting & setting up expensive

Staff need to be trained

If system fails you can’t access information

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12
Q

What do databases contain?

A

Records, divided into fields.

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13
Q

Data types? (4)

A

Text

Number

Date/time

Currency

Yes/No

AutoNumber

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14
Q

What does text consist of?

What is AutoNumber?

A

Letters, symbols & numbers (Alphanumeric)

Unique value generated by access for each different record

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15
Q

What is a primary key?

A

Unique value in each record

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16
Q

What is a datafile?

Example?

A

Collection of related records stored in table with field headings

Participant File

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17
Q

What is a record?

Example?

A

All the data connected with 1 item organised under field headings

Michael Alexander

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18
Q

What is a field?

Example?

A

The column which holds the data

Surname

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19
Q

What is a key field?

Example?

A

A field that uniquely identifies 1 record in a datafile/table

00053

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20
Q

What is a flat file?

Example?

A

Database containing 1 table with all records contained in table under field headings. Contains data separated by commas or tabs such as in a csv file.

Participant File

21
Q

What is a relational database?

Example?

A

A database made up of a group of linked tables

Participants & Trainers

22
Q

What is a data redundancy?

A

Data unnecessarily duplicated

23
Q

What is data integrity?

A

Accurate, up-to-date data

24
Q

What is a link field?

A

A field in 2 tables

25
Q

What is an optical mark reader?

A

Optical Mark Reader

Detect pencil mark by reflecting light on it

26
Q

Advantages of optical mark readers (3)

A

Fast method for lots of data (10,000 forms per hour)

Only 1 computer needed

More accurate than data being keyed in by a person

27
Q

Disadvantages of optical mark readers? (3)

A

If they don’t fill the space or aren’t dark enough, they won’t be read correctly.

Only suitable for recording a selection of answers, not text

Needs answer on identical prepared forms.

28
Q

What is OCR?

A

Optical Character Recogition

Scanner & special software.

Scans text.

Writing must be clear

95% accurate

For postcodes at sorting offices

29
Q

Advantages of optical character recognition (3)

A

Cheaper

Faster

Can recreate tables & the original layout

30
Q

Disadvantages of optical character recognition (4)

A

Not 100% accurate

Documents must be carefully checked & corrected

If it is poor quality writing, more mistakes will be made

Not worth doing for small amounts of text

31
Q

What does a barcode contain?

A

Country Code

Manufacturer code

Product code

32
Q

What is a transcription error?

A

Any data entry error made when transferring data from one source to another

33
Q

3 types of transcription error

A

Omission error

Transposition error

Duplication error

34
Q

What is an omission error?

A

Data left out

35
Q

What is a transposition error?

A

Characters are swapped by mistake (teh instead of the)

36
Q

What is a duplication error?

A

Entering a character twice

37
Q

What is verification?

A

Checking data by a person

38
Q

What is validation?

A

Checking data by a computer

39
Q

2 types of data verification

A
  1. Double entry - keyed in twice, both versions identical
  2. Proof reading - read over it - on screen or printout
40
Q

7 types of data validation

A

Range check - data falls into a range

Presence check - Ensures fields aren’t blank. (required)

Format check - Must match preset pattern (input mask)

Length check - Data is certain length (length field)

Type check - Number/date field correct type

Lookup tables - right set of values (y or n)
Check digit - added to code to ensure valid (123)

41
Q

Advantages of databases (5)

A

Info only stored once

Files can be linked so updates are automatic

Record structure can be altered after being entered

Access is fast using queries

Validation checks can be made easily

42
Q

Disadvantages of databases (3)

A

If computer breaks down, can’t access information

Computer files easily copied (protection)
Training needed to use system

43
Q

What is data compression?

Example?

Advantage?

Disadvantage?

A

Saves space & reduces download time

Zip file

Easier to send or store (winzip)
Must be decompressed before use

44
Q

What are bitmapped graphics?

A

Depend on resolution for quality

45
Q

What are vector based graphics?

A

Formed from vector objects i.e. lines

Smaller than bitmaps

46
Q

What is CSV?

What is RTF?

What is Jpeg?
What if Tiff?
What is Gif?

What is Bmp?
What is pict?

What is txt?

A

Comma separated variables (text w/ comma btwen items)

Rich Text Format (Text as ASCII files w/ formatting)
Joint Photographic Experts Group (compressed pics)
Tagged Image File Format (Store pics)
Graphics Interchange Format (store bitmap pic)
Bit-mapped (stores pic)
Picture format (Mac pic format)
Text (no format plain text)

47
Q

What is Doc?

What is pub?
What is Xls?
What is Ppt?

What is Mpeg?

What is Mp3?
What is Mp4?
What is MIDI?
What is Pdf?

What is html?

A

Document (WORD document)

Publisher (desktop publishing)
Excel file

Powerpoint (presentation package)
Moving Picture Experts Group (Moving pics)
Mpeg3 (Compress sound files)
Mpeg4 (Compress video files)
Musical Instrument Digital Interface

Portable Document Format (Adobe acrobat)
Hypertext Markup Language (web page)

48
Q
A

IT X (13 decks)

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