Control Of Metabolism Flashcards
What are the changes in metabolism during the first half of pregnancy?
Reduction in utilisation of glucose and going into a glucose storage state, is the anabolic phase of pregnancy, there is a high insulin to anti insulin ratio
What are the changes in metabolism ion the second half of pregnancy?
Switching to catabolic phase, increasing the glucose in the blood stream and delaying depositing fatty acids, increasing maternal ketogenesis, and mobilising adipose tissue, reduced insulin to anti-insulin ratio.
What are the two hormones involved in a metabolic response to pregancy?
Insulin, and fetoplacental hormones such as cortictropin releasing hormone, progesterone, human placental lactogen that all have an anti insulin effect.
What are the causes of gestational diabetes?
More insulin is usually released during pregancy, however in some pregancys the endocrine pancreas may struoggle with this and if the womens pancreas does not release an increased amount of insulin then the blood glucose increases.
What are the advantages of using muscle glycogen?
There is no need for membrane transport, can be mobilised very rapidly, availability is not affected by blood supply and can help prevent hypoglycaemia.
What are the issues with relying on anaerobic reactions?
Low yeild of ATP, build up of lactate,p and h+ in muscles so demand it exceeds the buffering capacities of muscle cells, so anaerobic catabolism cannot be used beyond distances of 200 m
Why is there a metabolic reaction to excerices?
To meet the demands of cardiac and sketal muscle,so end products are removed as quickly as possible and there are minimal disturbances to homeostasis, and the increased atp demands are met.
What is th metabolic response to short intensity high duration excericise?
Muscle atp and creatine phosphate are used initially for the first about 5 seconds, then muscle glycocogen is transformed to glucose 6 phosphate where is a metabolised by glucolysis to produce ATP by substrate level phosphorylation.
How is metabolism used during medium duration and intensity excericise?
Inital suprin uses muscle atp and anerobic glycogen, long middle ohase has glycogen metabolised aeobically, final burst goes back to anaerobic use of glycogen.
How is metabolism controlled during marathon running?
Muscles work aerobically and use all different types of fuel moleculesmore gradual changes in metabolism than sprinting, glycogen stores last around 60 minutes after which they can go into fatty acid oxidation
What is fatigue caused by?
Depletion of muscle glycogen, acclulmation of H+ in muscled. And the affects of dehydration.
What is the whole body response to inceased excercise?
Increased atp production and mobilisation of atp, increased fuel consumption of muscles, increases cardiac output, increased removal of CO2 and H20 from muscles, redisturbution of blood flow away from gut and kidneys, increased removal of CO2 and H+ from muscles.
What do maternal metabolism changes during pregnancy ensure?
Ensures that foetus are supplied with the nutrients that they need for development with minimal damage to maternal nutrient homeostasis.
