Cloning of B Cells

Question 1

What do complementary receptors on the surface of B Cells bind to?

Answer 1

→ Complementary receptors on the surface of B Cells bind to non-self antigens + become antigen presenting cells in the same way macrophages do.

Question 2

What do Antigen presenting B Cells do?

Answer 2

→ Antigen-presenting B Cells bind with active, cloned T helper cells that are presenting the same antigen

Question 3

After becoming attached to active cloned T helper cells that present the same antigen what happens next? What chemical is released?

Answer 3

attached, the T helper cells release chemicals called cytokines which stimulate division + differentiation of the B cells

Question 4

What happens to the B cells under the influence of cytokines?:

Answer 4

Under the influence of cytokines: B cells divide to produce two clones of cells: B effector cells B memory cells

Question 5

What do B effector cells do?

Answer 5

Differentiate to produce plasma cells: release antibodies into the blood + lymph (short lived)

Question 6

What do B memory cells do?

Answer 6

Like T memory cells: longer lived + enables individual to respond more quickly to the same antigen in the future.

Question 7

What is B Cell Division also known as?

Answer 7

Clonal Selection

Question 8

Why is it called the Primary Immune Response?

Answer 8

First time a B Cell comes across a non-self antigen that is complementary to it’s cell surface receptors: production of sufficient antibody-producing cells takes 10-17 days PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE

Question 9

During the time its takes to produce antibodies during the primary immune response what happens to the person?

Answer 9

During time it takes to produce antibodies, person suffers symptoms.

Question 10

Cloning of B Cells (6)

Answer 10

1. Bacterium with antigens on surface. 2. Antigens bind to B cell with complementary receptor 3. B Cell becomes an antigen-presenting cell (APC) 4. Activated T helper cell with complementary receptor binds to APC and produces cytokines (proteins) that stimulate the B cell 5. Clone of B memory cells and Clone of B effector cells are produced 6. B effector cells differentiate into plasma cells 7. Plasma cells secrete antibodies which bind to antigens, identifying them for easier destruction.

Question 11

Complementary Protein Shapes

Answer 11

-Lock + Key for enzyme specificity -Relies on recognition of specific protein antigens by T helper and B cells using receptors with complementary shape Specific shape of the binding sites found on antibodies is crucial to their function.