Unit 3b Reconstruction

Question 1

Andrew Johnson

Answer 1

Southern democrat chosen by Abraham Lincoln to be Vice President in an effort to keep the Union together prior to the Civil War, becomes President after Lincoln is assassinated

Question 2

Reconstruction

Answer 2

plan based on rebuilding the South and reuniting the North and South following the Civil War

Question 3

Amnesty

Answer 3

a pardon; President Lincoln offered a pardon to the South to help reunite the country

Question 4

13th Amendment

Answer 4

abolishes slavery

Question 5

14th Amendment

Answer 5

all persons born in the U.S. are U.S. citizens

Question 6

15th Amendment

Answer 6

black men, despite having been former slaves, have the right to vote

Question 7

Radical Republicans

Answer 7

Republicans who wanted revenge on the South, protection for the freedmen and to make sure that Republicans stayed in power; were against President Andrew Johnson and tried to get him out of office

Question 8

Impeachment

Answer 8

to officially charge the President with committing a violation in an attempt to remove him from office

Question 9

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 9

terrorist group organized by former Confederate soldiers to prevent African American men from voting and keeping white representatives in office

Question 10

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 10

wins election of 1868 as a Republican; lacked political experience but was a war hero; won due to the African American vote

Question 11

Carpetbaggers

Answer 11

derogatory name used by Southerners for Northerners who moved down South to help freedmen in the South

Question 12

Scalawags

Answer 12

derogatory name used by Southerners against other Southerners who backed the Union and supported Reconstruction

Question 13

Compromise of 1877

Answer 13

Agreement between Presidential candidates Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel J. Tilden allowing the Republican to become President in return for taking federal troops out of the South

Question 14

Sharecropping

Answer 14

a farming system that kept many southern farmers in debt since it paid for use of land with crops; made it nearly impossible for farmers to get out of poverty

Question 15

Jim Crow laws

Answer 15

Laws passed in the South to enforce segregation; laws required segregated public transportation, schools, cemeteries, parks and other public places

Question 16

Plessey v. Ferguson

Answer 16

Supreme Court Case of 1896 in which Supreme Court ruled separate but equal was constitutional

Question 17

Booker T. Washington

Answer 17

former slave, political leader, educator & reformer who encouraged newly freed African Americans to gain economic independence by learning trades and getting an education and to peacefully accept discrimination for the time being

Question 18

W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 18

leader in the black protest movement of Reconstruction who urged newly freed African Americans to protest and rise against discrimination; helped establish the NAACP

Question 19

NAACP

Answer 19

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; a civil rights organization primarily founded during Reconstruction to inform Americans about the violence against African Americans after the Civil War

Question 20

What was Andrew Johnson’s plan to readmit the Southern states?

Answer 20

Each state had to form a new state government. It had to obey all federal laws and deal fairly with newly freed African Americans. But, his plan allowed Southern states to pass black code laws which denied many civil rights to African Americans.

Question 21

Examples of how Southerners used black codes to deny African Americans their rights

Answer 21

They denied African Americans many civil rights like the right to vote, act as jurors in trails, take certain jobs, own land or have a gun

Question 22

How did the Freedman’s Bureau help former slaves?

Answer 22

It built hospitals and schools for blacks in the South. It hired black and white teachers from the North and South

Question 23

Compare and contrast Reconstruction’s successes and failures

Answer 23

Successes were the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments, giving freedom and citizenship to African Americans, public schools and industries were expanded in the South. Slavery was over. Failures: after Reconstruction southern states passed new laws again restricting the rights of African Americans, they tried to prevent blacks from voting

Question 24

Examples of how voting rights continued to be denied in the South

Answer 24

Whites set up voting booths far from African American communities or changes the location of the booths without informing blacks. Some states required a poll tax or payment to vote that blacks could not afford. Some places made blacks take reading tests when they had not been allowed during slavery to learn to read or write. Some said you could only vote if your father or grandfather voted before 1867 when blacks did not have the right to vote

Question 25

What were Andrew Johnson’s views on Congress’s Reconstruction Acts and how did this almost lead to his impeachment?

Answer 25

Johnson apposed the 14th Amendment (blacks citizenship) and many of the Acts. He thought the Acts were unlawful because they were passed without the representation of Southern states in Congress. He tried to block the passage of several laws that granted more right to African Americans. Congress was angry when he did this and tired to impeach him but lost by one vote

Question 26

What is a carpetbagger?

Answer 26

A Northerner who came to the south to help with the rebuilding of the South and was identified by thier carpet suitcase.

Question 27

What was President Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan?

Answer 27

10% of a southern state’s population had to take an oath of loyalty in order to rejoin the Union and form a new state government.

Question 28

Why did President Lincoln NOT get to fight for his Reconstruction Plan?

Answer 28

He was assassinated

Question 29

“All persons born in the U.S. are citizens of the U.S. No state shall deprive any persons of life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law…” Which amendment is this?

Answer 29

14th Amendment

Question 30

Why did Congress (Radical Republicans) disagree with President Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan?

Answer 30

They thought President Johnson was too easy (“soft”) on the South.

Question 31

“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude…shall exist within the U.S.” Which Constitutional amendment is described here?

Answer 31

13th Amendment

Question 32

After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments and the end of Reconstruction, African Americans experienced political, social and economical inequalities. How was that possible?

Answer 32

Jim Crow Laws passed by the Southern government.

Question 33

What did General William T. Sherman want for all Freedmen?

Answer 33

40 acres and a mule- a land grant given to former slaves

Question 34

What was the reason that African Americans did NOT achieve economic independence during Reconstruction?

Answer 34

African Americans did not have their own land to farm on and instead had to become sharecroppers.

Question 35

What social group turned violent and threatened African Americans to keep them from voting?

Answer 35

The Ku Klux Klan

Question 36

What was the purpose of the Black Codes?

Answer 36

To keep Freedmen from being free

Question 37

What were Jim Crow Laws?

Answer 37

Laws that enforced segregation

Question 38

What event signaled the end of Reconstruction?

Answer 38

The ordering of federal troops out of the South, which were there to protect the newly freed former slaves.

Question 39

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 39

18th U.S. president; served two terms marred by corruption and scandal

Question 40

Crédit Mobilier scandal

Answer 40

railroad construction company sold stocks to Congressmen under Grant’s administration in exchange for tax breaks and land grants; embarrasses President Grant

Question 41

Depression of 1873

Answer 41

economic depression starts in Europe, lowers prices of cotton and iron, railroad industry goes bankrupt; economic problems blamed on President Grant

Question 42

The Election of 1872

Answer 42

Ulysses S. Grant wins his second term