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PEDIATRIC BRS > ophtho > Flashcards

ophtho Flashcards

1
Q

i arm stands for?

A

inspection
acuity
red reflex
motility

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2
Q

inspection consists of what?

A

symmetry, tilt, redness and squinting

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3
Q

part of the exam that consists of pupillary responses and use of eye charts?

A

acuity

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4
Q

this is bruckner test

A

red reflex

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5
Q

this is hirchberg test

A

motility assesment

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6
Q

when does visual acuity improve the most?

A

during the first 3-4 months of life

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7
Q

when the corneal light reflex is uncentered it is generally?

A

strabismus

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8
Q

when there is a dull reflex it is generally?

A

glaucoma

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9
Q

when its a yellow or white reflex it is?

A

retinoblastoma

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10
Q

normal visual development is a dependent on what 2 things?

A
  1. proper eye alignment

2. equal visual stimulation

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11
Q

the most common cause of decreased vision during childhood

A

amblyopia

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12
Q

what are pathologic conditions that cause a blurred visual image resulting in amblyopia

A

opacification, uncorrected refractive error, significant differences between the eyes (anisometropia),

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13
Q

what is the best management for amblyopia?

A

early detection and early intervention

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14
Q

3 neonatal conjuntivitis pathogens

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea
chlamydia trachomatis
HSV

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15
Q

chemical conjunctivitis is caused most by?

A

1% silver nitrate caused by prophylaxis to n. gonorrhoea

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16
Q

is neonatal chemical conjuncivitis a dangerous emergency?

A

no, it is self limited and lasts for less than 24 hours

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17
Q

N. gonorrhea

  • onset
  • cellularity
  • tx
A
  • 2-4 days old
    -gram neg diplococci
  • IV cefoxatime and topical
    +tx parents
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18
Q

c. trachomatis
- onset
- cellularity
- tx

A
  • 4-10 days old
  • cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (+ dirt fluorescent antibody
  • oral erythyromycin + tx. parents
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19
Q

HSV

  • onset
  • cellularity
  • tx
A
  • 6 days -2 weeks
  • multinucleated giant cells
  • IV acyclovir and topical triflourothymidine
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20
Q

how can corneal abrasion be diagnosed?

A

flourescein staining

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21
Q

what are causes of corneal abrasion

A

trauma
bacterial corneal ulcer (gono)
HSV keratitis

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22
Q

conjunctivitis w/ lymphadenopathy

A

viral conjunctivitis

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23
Q

conjunctivitis w/ positive culture of staph aureus

A

blepharitis

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24
Q

conjunctivitis w/ eosinophils on conjunctival scrapings?

A

allergic

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25
Q

treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

topical polymyxin B, tmp smx, gentamicin, tobramycin, erythromycin

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26
Q

what virus causes pharyjgoconjunctival fever

A

adenovirus 3,7

27
Q

is viral conjunctivitis unilateral or bilateral?

A

bilateral

28
Q

treatment for viral conjunctivitis?

A

cool compresses and topical NSAID drops

29
Q

what is the difference between keratoconjunctivitis and pharyjgoconjunctival fever? what is the same?

A

keratoconjunctivitis does not have URI.

keratoconjunctivitis is caused by adenovirus 8,9,37

30
Q

what strand of HSV causes primary ocular HSV w/ multiple vesicular lesions

A

HSV type 1

31
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic conjunctivitis?

A

TYPE 1

32
Q

what is treatment of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

cromolyn and topical antihistamines

33
Q

where does nasolacrimal duct obstruction occur?

A

Hasner’s valve

34
Q

what is the management of NLD obstruction

A

observation, massage, antibiotics and probing

35
Q

this is a swelling of the nasolacrimal sac

A

amniotocele

36
Q

what color is the swelling that occurs in amniotocele (dacryocele)

A

bluish swelling

37
Q

amniotocele + infection tx?

A

iv antibiotics and urgent NLD probing

38
Q

amniotocele no infection tx?

A

massage

39
Q

ocular trauma associated w/ child abuse?

A

retinal hemorrhage

40
Q

damage to and loss of corneal epithelium?

A

corneal abrasion

41
Q

what is management of corneal abrasion?

A

protective shield patch, topical antibiotic and refer to optho if associated with contact lens

42
Q

blood within the anterior chamber

A

hyphema

43
Q

most common cause of hyphen?

A

blunt trauma

44
Q

increased ocular pressure occurring at or soon after birth

A

congenital glaucoma

45
Q

what is normal intraocular pressure in infants?

A

10-15 mm Hg

46
Q

what is exceeding intraocular pressure in infants

A

30 mm Hg

47
Q

how is congenital glaucoma different then adult glaucoma

A

causes nerve injury and expands size of the eye because eye wall is still elastic

48
Q

what is reduced in glaucoma?

A

outflow of aqueous humor

49
Q

true or false

surgery is always required in congenital glaucoma?

A

true

50
Q

Retinopathy of prematurity

A

proliferation of vessels seen in premature infants exposed to oxygen

51
Q

management of retinopathy of prematurity

A

opthalmic evaluations biweekly

retinal cryotherapy + laser therapy if severe

52
Q

who should have a dilated opthalmoscopic exam at 4-6 weeks?

A

infants born at gestation age of 28 weeks or less weighing less than 1500 g

53
Q

this refers to a white pupil?

A

leukocoria

54
Q

what chromosome mutation results in retinoblastoma?

A

mutation/deletion on both alleles on long arm of chromosome 13
“TWO HIT”

55
Q

what are 3 clinical features of retinoblastoma

A

calcification within tumor
white pupil
strabismus

56
Q

strabismus

A

misalignment of the eyes

57
Q

refers to eye turned nasally

A

esotropia

58
Q

refers to eye turned laterally

A

exotropia

59
Q

this results in false appearance of strabismus

A

prominence of epicentral folds

60
Q

what happens if strabismus occurs later than 5 years?

A

diploplia

61
Q

follicular conjunctivitis, neovascularization and nasal discharge are all caused by?

A

c. trachomatis conjunctivitis

62
Q

do you patch the deviated eye or the normal eye in strabismus?

A

patch the normal eye so the deviated eye can gain strength

63
Q

at what age should visual acuity test be given?

A

age 3 w/ snellen chart or tumbling E

PEDIATRIC BRS (9 decks)

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