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Science > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is the only ________ ________ in the human body

A

Fluid tissue

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2
Q

What is blood classified as

A

Connective tissue

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3
Q

What are the living cells in blood called

A

Formed elements

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4
Q

What is the nonliving matrix of blood called

A

Plasma

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5
Q

What percent of blood is erythrocytes

A

45%

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6
Q

What does the Buffy coat contain

A

Leukocytes and platelets

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7
Q

What percent of blood is the Buffy coat

A

1%

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8
Q

What is the Buffy coat

A

A thin whitish layer between the erythrocytes and plasma

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9
Q

How much of blood is plasma

A

55%

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10
Q

What color is oxygen rich blood vs. oxygen poor blood

A

Rich is scarlet red

Poor is dull red

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11
Q

What pH must blood stay at

A

7.35-7.45

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12
Q

What temperature is blood

A

100.4 F°

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13
Q

How much blood does the average healthy person have

A

5-6 liters

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14
Q

What percentage of body weight is blood

A

8%

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15
Q

What is blood plasma mostly made of

A

90% water

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16
Q

What does blood plasma contain besides water

A 
Nutrients
Salts (Electrolytes)
Respiratory Gases
Hormones
Plasma Proteins
Waste Products
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17
Q

What are the most abundant salutes in plasma

A

Plasma proteins

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18
Q

What organ makes plasma proteins

A

The liver

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19
Q

What does albumin do

A

Regulates osmotic pressure

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20
Q

What do clotting proteins do

A

Help stem blood loss when a blood vessel is injured

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21
Q

What do antibodies do

A

Help protect the body from pathogens

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22
Q

Acidosis

A

When blood pH becomes too acidic

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23
Q

Alkalosis

A

When blood pH becomes too basic

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24
Q

What organ and organ system helps restore blood pH to normal

A

Kidneys

Respiratory System

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25
Q

What things does blood transfer

A 
Nutrients
Oxygen
Wastes
Hormones
Body Heat
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26
Q

What are erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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27
Q

What are leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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28
Q

What are platelets

A

Cell fragments

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29
Q

What are erythrocytes main function

A

Carry oxygen

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30
Q

How do erythrocytes look

A

Biconcave disks

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31
Q

Do erythrocytes have a nucleus

A

No

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32
Q

What the normal RBC per millimeter

A

5 million RBCs

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33
Q

What is hemoglobin

A

And iron containing protein

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34
Q

What does hemoglobin bind to

A

Oxygen

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35
Q

How many oxygen binding sites does hemoglobin have

A

4

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36
Q

What is anemiap

A

A decrease in the oxygen carrying ability of the blood

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37
Q

What does sickle cell anemia result from

A

Abnormally shaped hemoglobin

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38
Q

Polycythemia

A

Excessive amount of RBCs

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39
Q

What can cause polycythemia

A

Bone marrow cancer

Response to life at a higher altitude

40
Q

What does increase in RBCs do

A

Slows blood flow and increase blood viscosity

41
Q

What do leukocytes do

A

Help the body defend against diseases

42
Q

Do leukocytes have a nucleus

A

Yes

43
Q

What can leukocytes move into and out of

A

Blood vessels

44
Q

What motion do leukocytes move by

A

Amoeboid

45
Q

What can increased leukocytes mean

A

Infection

Leukemia

Leukopenia

46
Q

Leukopenia

A

Abnormally low leukocyte level

47
Q

Types of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

48
Q

Granules in their cytoplasm can be stained. Possess loved nuclei.

A

Granulocytes

49
Q

Lack visible cytoplasmic granules. Nuclei are spherical, oval, or kidney-shaped

A

Agranulocytes

50
Q

Which are the granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

51
Q

Which are the agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

52
Q

Cytoplasm stains pale pink and contains fine granules. Deep purple nucleus contains 3-7 lobes. Function as phagocytes at active sites of infection. Numbers increase during infection

A

Neutrophils

53
Q

Red, coarse cytoplasmic granules. Figure-8 or bilobed nucleus stains blue-red. Function to kill parasitic worms and play a role in allergy attacks

A

Eosinophils

54
Q

Sparse but large blue-purple granules. U or S shaped nucleus stains dark blue. Release histamine (vasodilator) at sites of inflammation. Contain heparin (anticoagulant)

A

Basophils

55
Q

Cytoplasm is pale blue. Dark purple-blue nucleus. Functions as part of immune response.

A

Lymphocytes

56
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Produce antibodies

57
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Involved in graft rejection, fighting tumors and viruses

58
Q

Largest of white blood cells. Gray-blue cytoplasm. Dark purple-blue nucleus is often kidney-shaped. Function as macrophages. Important in fighting chronic infection

A

Monocytes

59
Q

Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells. Needed for the clotting process

A

Platelets

60
Q

The process of blood cell formation

A

Hematopoises

61
Q

Where does Hematopoises occur

A

Red bone marrow

62
Q

Where are all blood cells derived from

A

Hemocytoblast

63
Q

Which stem cells produce lymphocytes

A

Lymphoid stem cells

64
Q

Which stem cell produces all other formed elements besides lymphocytes

A

The myeloid stem cell

65
Q

Can RBCs divide, grow, or synthesize?

A

No

66
Q

How long before RBCs wear out

A

100-120 days

67
Q

What are lost RBCs replaced by

A

Hemocytoblasts

68
Q

What hormone controls RBC production

A

Erythropoietin

69
Q

What organ produces most erythropoietin

A

Kidneys

70
Q

What stimulates production of platelets

A

Thrombopoietin

71
Q

Stoppage of bleeding resulting from a break in a blood vessel

A

Hemostasis

72
Q

What are the phases of Hemostasis

A
  1. Vascular spasms
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Coagulation (blood clotting)
73
Q

How are collagen fibers exposed

A

A break in a blood vessel

74
Q

What do platelets pile up to form?

A

A platelet plug

75
Q

What does injured tissue release

A

Tissue factor

76
Q

What phospholipid interacts with TF to help clot

A

PF3

77
Q

What’s the basis for a clot

A

Meshwork

78
Q

How long does it take for blood to clot

A

3-6 mins

79
Q

A clot in an unbroken vessel. Can be deadly in areas such as the heart

A

Thrombus

80
Q

A thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in the bloodstream. Can later clog vessels in critical areas such as the brain

A

Embolus

81
Q

Platelet deficiency. Even normal movements can cause bleeding from small blood vessels that require platelets for clotting

A

Thrombocytopenia

82
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder. Normal clotting factors are missing

A

Hemophilia

83
Q

What percentage of blood loss causes weakness

A

15-30%

84
Q

How much blood loss causes shock and can be fatal

A

30%+

85
Q

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign and that the immune system may attack

A

Antigens

86
Q

What part of the blood is the recognizer

A

Antibodies

87
Q

What do the antibodies do to certain blood types

A

Make the blood clump

88
Q

What are the two antigens

A

A

B

89
Q

Lack of antigens A and B blood

A

O

90
Q

Presence of antigens A and B

A

AB

91
Q

Presence of antigen A

Presence of antigen B

A

A

B

92
Q

Named because of the presence or absence of one of 8 Rh antigens originally defined in rhesus monkeys

A

Rh blood

93
Q

What Rh are most Americans

A

Rh+

94
Q

What problems occur with Rh blood

A

When Rh+ and Rh- blood mixes

95
Q

What are Rh dangers during pregnancy

A

Mother Rh- father Rh+ baby Rh+ blood mixes during labor

96
Q

What shot is given to prevent Rh problems during pregnancy

A

RhoGAM

Science (11 decks)

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