Test #1 Flashcards
Ecological Model
Under this model or approach to understanding health behavior, it is assumed that no single factor influences people’s behavior; instead the complex interaction between individuals and an environment is a process that taken together, influences behavior. In other words, behavior doesn’t exist in a vacuum.
Five factors found in the Ecological Model that contribute to behavior and behavior change:
- Individual Factors 2. Social/Cultural/Group Factors 3. Socioeconomic and Structural Factors 4. Political Factors 5. Environmental Factors
5 Individual Factors
- Awareness and knowledge (about health risks, ways to prevent health problems, etc.) 2. Biophysical characteristics (ex. genetics, systemic vulnerabilities) 3. Personal attitudes and motivations 4. Developmental stage (ex. adolescent, adult) 5. Behavior/habit socialization (ex. from parents/family)
3 Social/Cultural/Group Factors
- Social/peer group lifestyle patterns 2. Cultural attitudes/beliefs 3. Level of social support
5 Socioeconomic and Structural Factors
- Poverty 2. Education 3. Access to health care 4. Social stresses such as civil strife, neighborhood violence, and discrimination. 5. Access to clean water.
3 Political Factors
- Policies and funding for health promotion programs. 2. Health Insurance 3. Regulations that affect health risk.
3 Environmental Factors
- Presence of an environmental risk, such as pollution. 2. Disasters 3. Conditions for spread of infection disease.
Wellness
Wellness is looking at the whole person. It is a choice, a way of life, a process, a balanced channel of energy, an integration of the body, mind and spirit, and a loving acceptance of yourself.
The components of a SMART goal
S: Specific M: Measurable A: Action-Oriented R: Realistic T: Time-Based
Purpose of a Lifestyle Assessment
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Iceberg Principle
Our current state of health, be it one of disease or vitality, is just like the tip of the iceberg. This is the apparent part - what shows. To understand all that creates and supports your current state of health, you have to look underwater..
Obesity and the Ecological Model
Because the trends in overweight and obesity are recent, most agree that interactions between people’s behavior and the environment (encouraging the overconsumption of food and discouraging physical activity) are the primary cause, rather than biological factors. Therefore, obesity is viewed as preventable.
Violence and the Ecological Model