Chapter 8

Question 1

Europe entered the Dark Ages after…

Answer 1

The fall of Rome

Question 2

Characteristics of the Dark Ages

Answer 2

Drought followed by flood, famine and disease, religious and political differences

Question 3

Thriving arts in the medieval period

Answer 3

Paintings, Sculptures, Gothic Architecture, Music, Stained Glass, Frescoes

Question 4

The most famous frescoe

Answer 4

The Sistine Chapel

Question 5

Adaptations of the Church

Answer 5

Daily Prayer Hours, Singing of Psalms, Chanting parts of Liturgy

Question 6

Medieval melodies were based on….

Answer 6

Modes

Question 7

Characteristics of chant

Answer 7

Simple melodies, natural rhythms for text, performed in unison, acapella

Question 8

Other names for chant

Answer 8

1) Plainsong

2) Plainchant

Question 9

Chant reached peak of popularity by…

Answer 9

6th century

Question 10

Who organized all chant?

Answer 10

Pope Gregory I

Gregorian Chant

Question 11

Types of Chant

Answer 11

1) Syllabic Chant - One Note per syllable

2) Melismatic Chant - Many notes per syllable

Question 12

Chant evolved into polyphony

Answer 12

1) 9th cen. Monks used chant
2) monks added parallel melody
3) monks changed some notes in added melody
4) second melody was altered until independent

Question 13

Early form of polyphony

Answer 13

Organum

Question 14

The first accompaniment (a low, long tone)

Answer 14

Drone

Question 15

As more melodies were added, organum pieces became…

Answer 15

Motets

Question 16

Little secular music has survived because…

Answer 16

1) Improvised

2) Short Lived

Question 17

Characteristics of secular motets

Answer 17

1) Mixed religious and secular texts
2) Multiple languages in one song
3) Unusual combinations of voices and instruments

Question 18

Secular Motets

Answer 18

Southern France: Troubador

Northern France: Trouveres

Question 19

Minstrels

Answer 19

People hired to write and perform motets

Question 20

Other names for minstrels

Answer 20

Germany:

Question 21

Popular Music in 12th and 13th Cen. England

Answer 21

Major and Minor Sounds, Circular Canons, Ostinatos

Question 22

Ostinato

Answer 22

A motive that is repeated over and over

Question 23

Vielle

Answer 23

Ancestor to Violin

Question 24

First period that we have extensive musical knowledge from

Answer 24

The medieval period

Question 25

Psaltery

Answer 25

String instrument anyone could play