Organs of the GI tract

Question 1

What is the trick for remembering what pierces the diaphragm at certain vertebral levels?

Answer 1

I 8 10 Eggs At 12

-IVC at T8, Esophagus at T10, and Aorta at T12

Question 2

What is a sliding hiatal hernia

Answer 2

where the abdominal esophagus and parts of the stomach herniate into the thorax
-esphageal hiatus either enlarges or weakens

Question 3

What is a paraeophageal hiatal hernia?

Answer 3

a defect in the diaphragm next to the esophageal hiatus

-permits fundus of stomach to herniate

Question 4

At what vertebral level is the stomach fixed?

Answer 4

left end is at T10-11 and the right side is at L1-2

Question 5

Which parts of the duodenum are secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 5

the middle 2…. 2nd and 3rd

Question 6

What is the first part of the duodenum surrounded by?

Answer 6

the hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 7

Where does the root of THE mesentery begin?

Answer 7

the duodeno-jejunal flexure

Question 8

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

Answer 8

Superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending

Question 9

What important thing is behind the superior part of the Duodenum?

Answer 9

the portal triad

Question 10

Where do the bile and pancreatic ducts enter into the duodenum?

Answer 10

The 2nd part

-makes the major duodenal papilla on the inside of it

Question 11

What crosses the anterior of the horizontal duodenum?

Answer 11

SMA and SMV

Question 12

Is the second part intra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 12

it is ALL retroperitoneal

Question 13

What holds the 4th part (ascending) of the duodenum in place?

Answer 13

the suspensory ligament of the duodenum

-anchors the 4th part of the duodenum to the right crus of the diaphragm

Question 14

what holds the jejunum and the ileum to the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 14

THE mesentery

-remember that this part of the Small intestine is a lot more mobile

Question 15

Which part of the Small intestine is more vascularized (long vasa recta and simple arcades) and has more plicae circulares?

Answer 15

the jejunum

Question 16

Which part of small intestine has fewer plicae circulares, complex arcades and short vasa recta?

Answer 16

the ileum

Question 17

What is meckel’s diverticulum?

Answer 17

A remnant of the vitelline duct

• arises from antimesenteric border of the ileum
• it is just a thing that juts out from the ileum
• 2% of population, 2 feet from ileocecal junction, and about 2 inches long

Question 18

What is the function of haustrae?

Answer 18

to slow the movement of feces

Question 19

what are the taenia coli and where do they converge?

Answer 19

3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon

-converge at the root of the appendix

Question 20

what is the ileal papilla

Answer 20

a cone-like projection from the ileum into the cecum

Question 21

Where is the opening for the appendix?

Answer 21

inferior to the ileal papilla

Question 22

Which part of the colon is intraperitoneal?

Answer 22

the transverse and sigmoid part

Question 23

Which part of the colon is retroperitoneal?

Answer 23

the ascending and descending part

Question 24

what is the anorectal line?

Answer 24

a line joining the tops of the anal columns

Question 25

what is the rectal ampulla?

Answer 25

the dilated terminal part of the rectum

-puborectalis muscle is in there

Question 26

what is the pectinate line?

Answer 26

a line joining the inferior ends of the anal valves

Question 27

What primary embryologic layer does the spleen develop from?

Answer 27

the mesoderm

Question 28

What ligaments are attached to the spleen?

Answer 28

gastrosplenic and splenorenal

Question 29

What are the parts of the pancreas from right to left on the body?

Answer 29

head, neck, body, and tail

-the tail is against the spleen

Question 30

Where does the pancreas develop from?

Answer 30

a ventral bud in the ventral mesentery and a larger dorsal bud in the dorsal mesentery
-rotation of the stomach and duodenum brings the two buds together

Question 31

What is the falciform ligament?

Answer 31

a double layer of peritoneum that connects the liver to the anterior wall

Question 32

What defines the bare area of the liver?

Answer 32

the anterior, posterior, right , and left coronary ligaments

Question 33

between what two lobes does the ligamentum venosum run?

Answer 33

between the left and caudate lobes

Question 34

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 34

a transverse fissure between the caudate and quadrate lobes

-transmits the portal triad

Question 35

What are the contents of the portal triad?

Answer 35

proper hepatic A.
portal V.
Bile duct

Question 36

What did the ligamentum teres used to be?

Answer 36

an umbilical vein (left? maybe)

Question 37

what did the ligamentum venosum used to be?

Answer 37

the ductus venosus

Question 38

What makes up the lesser omentum and connects the liver to the stomach?

Answer 38

hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

Question 39

Describe the extrahepatic bile passage

Answer 39

right and left hepatic duct come together to make the common hepatic duct… this joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder to make the common bile duct

Question 40

Which ligament does the bile duct run in?

Answer 40

the hepatoduodenal L.

Question 41

Where does the bile duct enter the duodenum at?

Answer 41

the 2nd part of the duodenum along with the pancreatic duct to make the major duodenal pailla on the inside of the intestine and that ampulla thing on the outside