Chapter 7 Exam

Question 1

Barbary Pirates

Answer 1

Pirates found by Tripoli (North Africa) that would demand tribute for safe passage through their waters. If the tribute was not payed they would attack ships and kidnap the crew. This practice would lead to the Barbary War.

Question 2

Tribute

Answer 2

Protection money. The Barbary pirates demanded tribute for ships to pass through their waters. In 1800 tribute accounted for a fifth of the United States budget, but in 1801 the US decided to take action. Marines were sent to Tripoli to deal with the demand for a bribe. This event is immortalized in the Marines Hymn, “To the shores of Tripoli”. The conflict ends in 1805, but no definitive solution is found until a second attack in 1815.

Question 3

Stephen Decatur

Answer 3

A daring young US Navy captain who took action against the Barbary pirates by sneaking into a heavily guarded harbor and burning the Philadelphia, a captured American ship, to prevent the pirates from using it. He was praised by Americans and British alike for his bravery.

Question 4

Impressment

Answer 4

The forcing of someone into the navy. The British began capturing American ships and impressing the sailors, claiming that they were deserters from the Royal Navy, more often they were american born. This led to public out cry and was one of the causes for the War of 1812. The issue of impressment ended two days before war was declared.

Question 5

Tecumseh

Answer 5

A Shawnee chief with great political and orating skills. He considered treaties with the US government invalid and set about forming an Indian Confederacy. He united the tribes in the Ohio territory and allied with the British who offered him supplies and protection. He fought in the War of 1812, but was killed in the Battle of the Thames.

Question 6

The Prophet

Answer 6

Tenskwatawa, Tecumseh’s brother, who was known for his ability to see the future. He helped his brother to construct a confederacy by drawing crowds to hear him speak. He preached of Native Americans casting off the western influence and returning to their traditions. He founded Prophetstown by the Tippecanoe River.

Question 7

William Henry Harrison

Answer 7

Was the governor of the Indiana Territory during the War of 1812. He saw the Native American confederacy as a threat and convinced many of the chief who had joined it to sell their land to the US. He attacked and burned Prophetstown, which made him a military hero. His victory at Prophetstown later propel him to the presidency. The battle also gave him his nickname, Tippecanoe.

Question 8

The Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 8

In 1811 William Henry Harrison attacked Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe River while Tecumseh was away trying to rally support for his confederacy. The battle was bloody taking almost a fourth of Harrison’s men, but resulted in the destruction of Prophetstown and caused the Native American forces to flee to Canada. The defeat made many Native Americans question the Prophet. This US victory gave Harrison the nickname Tippecanoe and propelled him to the presidency in 1840.

Question 9

War Hawks

Answer 9

Pro war members of Congress. Typically young Southern Democratic-Republicans. They supported the War of 1812 because they wanted to gain land in Canada. The most famous war hawks were John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay.

Question 10

Henry Clay

Answer 10

Elected to congress in 1810 he was one of the most outspoken war hawks. Hailing from Kentucky he was a champion of nationalism and one of the biggest advocates for war with Britain.

Question 11

John C. Calhoun

Answer 11

A representative from South Carolina he was an influential member of congress and huge advocate for war. He supported states’ rights.

Question 12

Nationalism

Answer 12

A strong feeling of patriotism typical in time of war. Nationalism gripped America in the 1800’s and helped the democratic-republicans gain support for the War of 1812.

Question 13

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 13

Pushed through congress by president Thomas Jefferson the Embargo Act of 1807 banned all trade with Great Britain and France. The act was imposed to punish the French and British for violating neutrality on the high seas. The act resulted in economic hardship for American merchants and had little effect on the Europeans. The act was revoked in 1809.

Question 14

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

Answer 14

Passed in 1809 just before Thomas Jefferson left office it replaced the embargo act. This new act banned ships from delivering to French or british ports. Like the embargo act it was mostly ineffective and hurt the United States economy more than its advisories. The only benefit of the act was that it led to America industrializing as they could no longer get goods from England. Un like the embargo act it said that if either France of Britain stopped impressing the US would trade with them again.

Question 15

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 15

The 3rd President from (1801-1809) Thomas Jefferson was responsible for several foreign policies. In response to Barbary pirates attacking US ships he sent marines to Tripoli (1801-1805). He remained neutral in the Napolianic wars, ensuring safe travel for US ships. When neutrality rights were violated he urged congress to pass the embargo act (1807) and then to replace it with the non-intercourse act (1809). He decided not to run for a third term and peacefully transfered power to his good friend and fellow Democratic-Republican James Madison.

Question 16

James Madison

Answer 16

The 4th president of the United States (1809-1817). This Democratic-Republican from Virginia is America’s first war time president. He leads America through the War of 1812 and despite his small stature and ill health does everything in his power to save Washington. After the city is ransacked he insists on holding government meetings there despite the damage. He is nicknamed the Father of the Constitution because of his extensive work on the document.

Question 17

Dolley Madison

Answer 17

Married to James Madison she was a charismatic First Lady. When Washington DC was under attack she stayed in the White House to the last possible moment in an attempt to save important documents including the constitution and Declaration of Independence. She even saved the portrait of George Washington.

Question 18

The Battle of Lake Eerie

Answer 18

Oliver Hazard Perry led the US naval forces on Lake Eerie against the British fleet. On September 10, 1813 he defeated the British forces in a bloody battle. The victory forced the British and Native American forces to pull back from the Detroit area.

Question 19

The Battle of the Thames

Answer 19

On October 5th, 1813 William Henry Harrison cut off the retreating British. In the battle of the Thames Tecumseh, the great indian leader, was killed.

Question 20

The Battle of New Orleans

Answer 20

News of the treaty ending the war had not reached America, so in December of 1814 British troops started to move towards New Orleans where Andrew Jackson and an American force were waiting. In a short battle the US troops decimated the British. Andrew Jackson became a war hero, and his fame from the Battle of New Orleans would help win him the presidency.

Question 21

Hartford Convention

Answer 21

New England federalists met at the convention to discuss their frustration with the on going war. The idea of secession was raised and initial plans were made for New England to break away. Like previous plans it did not go very far especially when a few weeks after the convention the war was won the Federalists were discredited and considered unpatriotic causing them to lose almost all their political power.

Question 22

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 22

In December 1840 American and British representatives met in Ghent, Belgium to discuss a peace agreement. THe treaty did not change any boundaries as the War Hawks had once hoped or address impressment which had ceased to be an issue after the end of the Napolianic Wars. Before news of the treaty reached the US a final battle occurred at New Orleans.

Question 23

U.S.S Constitution

Answer 23

The US navy was radically slashed by Thomas Jefferson and was virtually non-existant except for three of the fastest frigates (war ships) anywhere. One of these ships was the U.S.S Constitution who was used to destroy two British vessels (Guerriére and the Java). During battle a cannon shot “bounced” off her side earning her the nickname “Old Iron Sides”

Question 24

Andrew Jackson

Answer 24

A Tennessean general who led an attack against the Creek People in at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, leading to the tribe giving up most of their land. He also led the US forces at the Battle of New Orleans. While rallying his rag-tag army he received the nickname “Old Hickory” because of his calloused determination. Jackson also led a force into Spanish East Florida. His orders were only to stop the Spanish from raiding US towns, but he overstepped orders and attacked 2 Spanish forts. He was court marcialed for disobeying orders, but nothing came of it. In fact the Spanish agreed to sell Florida in the Adams-Onis treaty because they feared further invasion. His victories led him to the presidency in 1828.

Question 25

Francis Scott Key

Answer 25

An attorney who wrote the poem “The Defense of Fort McHenry” as he watched the Battle of Fort McHenry from a truce ship. In the poem he described being able to see the flag over the fort. His poem was set to music and adopted as our national anthem in 1931. Today his poem is known as the star spangled banner.

Question 26

The Star Spangled Banner

Answer 26

In anticipation of an attack on Fort McHenry a flag was commissioned. Mary Pickersgill sewed a giant of a flag, 30 by 34ft that was flown over the fort. During the battle for the fort Francis Scott Key penned a poem about the attack in which he talked about knowing the fort was secure because the Star Spangled Banner still waved. His poem became the national anthem and the flag is now in the Smithsonian.

Question 27

Fort McHenry

Answer 27

After the British took Washington they marched to Baltimore. The US forces were ready for them 13000 militiamen had assembled to stop the British. Merchants had sunk their ships in the harbor to keep the British from sailing in. The defense of the fort inspired Francis Scott Key to write the poem that later went on to be the national anthem.

Question 28

Oliver Hazard Perry

Answer 28

Was the commander of the Lake Eerie naval forces. He gathered a fleet and captured the Lake from the British. He led the fleet from his headquarters in Put-In-Bay, Ohio. His victory at Lake Eerie led to the victory at the Battle of the Thames.

Question 29

Uncle Sam

Answer 29

A personification of the US government he is said to be named for Samuel Wilson, a meat packer who supplied rations to the troops during the war of 1812. Uncle Sam has been used in military posters and parades.

Question 30

Secession

Answer 30

The withdraw from a group, especially a political faction. At the Hartford Convention the assembled Federalists talked of succeeding, but their plans did not go very far because the war ended shortly after their meeting. With the war won the attendees were disgraced and considered anti-american.

Question 31

Second War of Independence

Answer 31

One of the names names given to the War of 1812. It was called the 2nd War of Independence because it proved that the US was a strong independent nation, that the British had no control over America, and would never recolonize the US.

Question 32

“Mr. Madison’s War”

Answer 32

The name the New England Federalist gave to the War of 1812. They called it “Mr. Madison’s War” to show that not everyone supported it and to make Mr. Madison look like a power hungry tyrant. Their tactic was not very effective because the growing sense of Nationalism.

Question 33

Privateers

Answer 33

Civilians who converted their ships into war ships to help their country. The US had virtually no navy during the War of 1812 and had to rely heavily on privateers.

Question 34

James Monroe

Answer 34

The 5th president (1817-1825) he was the last president who was also a founding father. He hailed from Virginia and was president during the “Era of Good Feelings”. During his presidency the US purchased Florida. He supported the colonization of Liberia, whose capitol was named after him. He is most famous for the Monroe Doctrine which became a land mark piece of foreign policy.

Question 35

John Quincy Adams

Answer 35

Was Monroe’s secretary of state before becoming president the 6th president. He played a key role in negotiating the treaty of Ghent. He authored the Monroe Doctrine which became a key part of US foreign policy. He also set up the Rush-Bagot treaty with Great Britain, the treaty set boundaries on Canada and a limit on the amount of troops on the Great Lake.

Question 36

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 36

After the war of 1812 a strong sense of national unity swept the country. Monroe toured the country and was cheered every where he went. Americans started to think of themselves as superior to Europe. Despite their boasting the US was able to set up a better relationship with Great Britain.

Question 37

Simon Bolivar

Answer 37

Was a Latin American revolutionary. He was also known the “liberator” and led the revolutions in Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru.

Question 38

Miguel Hidalgo Y Castillo

Answer 38

A priest who was so disturbed by the poverty racking his homeland he decided to take forceful action. He led an army of peasants against the Spaniards. His army was eventually defeated and he was executed. Even though he was not successful he is known as the Father of Mexico because his leadership in 1811 led to a successful bid for independence in 1823.

Question 39

The Monroe Doctrine

Answer 39

In 1823 Monroe decided to take action because of the growing threat of European involvement with their South American colonies. The doctrine declared that any European nation with troops in the Americas would be seen as threatening the US. The doctrine up held Washington’s ideas of staying neutral in the international community and defending the US’s interests first. It is important because the ideas of the doctrine influenced America’s foreign policy especially in terms of Latin America for years to come.

Question 40

Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 40

In 1819 a treaty was made between the US and Spain. It is also called the Transcontinental Treaty or the Purchase of Florida because it settled the boarder dispute. Spain agreed to sell the US Florida for 5 million dollars and an agreement of peace. Spain was willing to give up the land because they feared war after Andrew Jackson attacked two of their forts.

Question 41

Convention of 1818

Answer 41

A treaty was signed after a meeting between the US and Britain. The result was joint settlement of the Oregon Country, a vast and fertile land extending from California to Alaska. The convention also resulted in Britain seceding land below the 49th parallel and demilitariztion of the US-Canada boarder. The border became known as the largest demilitarized border in the world.