Male Urogenital

Question 1

Open vs. closed castration

Answer 1

Open vaginal tunic vs. closed vaginal tunic

Question 2

WHy do you no deep bites along the midline

Answer 2

Don’t want to take the urethra

Question 3

Complications to a canine castration

Answer 3

Scrotal swelling

SCrotal hematoma (small vessels bleeding)

Abdominal hemorrhage (ligature slips)

Wound infection/dehesence

Question 4

Cryptorchid

Answer 4

right more likely than left to be cryptorchid

abdominal more common than inguinal

At risk of neoplasia

Remove the cryptorchid testicle first, starting to look in abdomen(?) from the kidney to the inguinal ring.

Follow the ductus deferens or follow the gubernaculum (ligament that helps the testicle descend)

If the testes is in the abdomen it didn’t descend through the vaginal tunic

Question 5

Testicular torsion

Answer 5

Don’t untwist

Often tied to a cryptorchid

Signs: Acute Scrotal swelling, painful, acute abdomen & shock

Castrate & give supportive care

Question 6

Testicular tumours

3 types

Answer 6

Interstitial - leydig

Sertoli (estrogen)

Seminomas

(happen with equal frequency)

-> rarely metastatic

Question 7

Scrotal ablation (implies castration)

Answer 7

Scrotal urethrostomy

Cosmetic reasons

Neoplasia

Lacerations

Dermatitis

Question 8

Prostatic Disease

Answer 8

Tenesmis (pain on defication)

Constipation

Dyschezia (blood in the stool)

Dysuria

Penile discharge

Abdominal pain

Shock (if large or ruptured abscess etc)

Question 9

Prostatic Disease - how do diagnose

Answer 9

Palpate & do rectal

CBC & Biochem + unine analysis

Radiographs

Ultrasound

Cytology

Culture/senistivy

Biopsy

Question 10

Prostatic Disease - differentials

Answer 10

BPH

Prostatic retension cysts

ParaProstatic cysts

Prostatic abscess

Neoplasia

Question 11

BPH

Answer 11

Normal in older dogs,

Due to androgens

Castrate

Great prognosis

Question 12

Prostatic retension cysts vs. paraprostatic cysts

Answer 12

prostatic retention cysts communicate with the prostatic paranchyma

(prostatic retention cysts - drain, treat with castration)

Question 13

paraprostatic cysts - traetment

Answer 13

Thought it was from Embryologic

Don’t castrate them

Don’t drain

Partial resection with omentelize them.

Question 14

Prostatic abscesses

Answer 14

Micro abscesses that coalesce

Usually e-coli; can be acute or chronic

Can have constipation & penile discharge

Can cause a UTI

(Abscess caudal abdominal pain)

If rupture -serios

FLouroquinolones & be serous

Castrate & drain abscess in surgery

If unresponsvive, partial prostectomy

For draining, break it open & can drain post-op

Question 15

Prostatectomy in the prostatic abscess - options

Answer 15

Complete or Partial

Complete - increased risk of incontenance

Can marsupilize

Omentum to stop adhesions to other organs

Question 16

Porstatic neoplasia

Answer 16

Castration doesn’t prevent

Malignant: adeno or squamous cell carcinoma (metatstazies to the iliac lymph nodes, lungs & bones)

Poor to grave prognoses

Prostatectomy to relieve symptoms

Can stint the urethral obstruction, can use castration, radiation, chemo

Question 17

Prostatic Metaplasia

Answer 17

e.g Sertoli, Seminoma

Exogenous Estrogen or anti-androgens