Virus, HPV, norovirus, Antivirus, vaccines (complete)

Question 1

What is the virus family that HIV belongs to

Answer 1

Retroviridae

Question 2

What is the classification of HIV

Answer 2

RNA
icosahedral
enveloped
Single stranded (2 copies)
Positive

Question 3

What is different about the retroviridae (HIV) replication process

Answer 3

it undergoes reverse transcription RdDp (RNA dependent, DNA polymerase) where the RNA is read and turned to DNA, and that viral DNA is inserted into the Cells genome

Question 4

What is the average incubation period for HIV

Answer 4

8-10 years

Question 5

What are the 3 main diseases caused by HIV

Answer 5

1. seroconversion illness (Mono like)
2. AIDS related complex (persistent generalized lymphadenopathy)
3. AIDS

Question 6

What is the main thing that kills someone with HIV AIDS

Answer 6

opportunistic infections

Question 7

What is the most frequent opportunistic tumor of AIDS

Answer 7

Kaposi’s sarcoma (malignant lymphomas)

Question 8

What is the most frequent neurological disorder in AIDS

Answer 8

encephalopathy

Question 9

What are the three most common ways HIV Is transmitted

Answer 9

1. Sexual transmission
2. Blood/blood products
3. Vertical Transmission

Question 10

How is HIV diagnosed

Answer 10

screening and confirmation assays

Question 11

what are the two tests performed after someone has been diagnosed with HIV to give them a prognosis

Answer 11

HIV viral load

HIV antigen test

Question 12

What is now used to treat HIV

Answer 12

HAART - highly active anti-retroviral treatment

Question 13

What are the individual drug components of HAART

Answer 13

2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a protease inhibitor (AZT, Lamivudine, and indinavir)

Question 14

what is the probability of HIV infection from saliva

Answer 14

very low, saliva has a good Anti-HIV activity

Question 15

What is the classification of papillomaviridae (HPV)

Answer 15

DNA
Icosahedral
naked
Double Stranded (circular)

Question 16

What virus is a risk factor for oral, and oropharyngeal cancer

Answer 16

HPV

Question 17

How is HPV transmitted

Answer 17

Sexual Activity, including oral sex
hand shaking
Environmental fomites (showers, door knobs)

Question 18

Is there a vaccine for HPV

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

What family does the norovirus belong to

Answer 19

calciviridae

Question 20

What is the classification of the norovirus

Answer 20

RNA
icosahedral
naked
Single stranded positive

Question 21

what is special about the durability of the calciviridae

Answer 21

they are resistant to heat, and stomach acid

Question 22

What is the most common pathology associated with calciviridae

Answer 22

gastroenteritis

Question 23

does the norovirus affect children or adults more

Answer 23

adults

Question 24

how do we get the norovirus

Answer 24

consumption of shellfish or other contaminated foods

aerosol spread as well as fecal oral

Question 25

what does the norovirus cause

Answer 25

gastroenteritis

Question 26

what is the nickname for the norovirus

Answer 26

winter vomiting disease

Question 27

about what percent of known causes of foodborne illness in the US is caused by the norovirus

Answer 27

50%

Question 28

Where are the majority of the norovirus outbreaks found

Answer 28

long-term care facilities

Question 29

do noroviruses survive in the environment well

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

What is the recommended way to clean up a norovirus infected area or surface

Answer 30

chlorine bleach with a concentration of 1000-5000 parts per million

Question 31

how contagious is the norovirus

Answer 31

very (only 18 viral particles needed)

Question 32

who are carriers for the norovirus

Answer 32

humans are the only known carrier

Question 33

What are the steps in the evolution of viral vaccines

Answer 33

made in animals, then eggs, then cell culture, then recombinant DNA, then peptide

Question 34

how quickly can a vaccine go from the outbreak, to ditribution to the public

Answer 34

months 6-9 or so