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Social Studies Flash Cards > Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

What were examples of inventions mentioned in Charlie Brown?

A
  • paper bag -football
  • comic strip -baseball
  • chewing gum -refrigerated railroad car
  • ice cream sundae -cable cars
  • drinking straw -vacuum
  • toothpick -typewriter
  • sneakers -billiard ball
  • earmuffs -telephone
  • 4-wheel roller skates -electric light bulb
  • basketball -horseless carriage
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2
Q

patent

A

government document giving an inventor the exclusive right to make and sell and invention for a specific number of years

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3
Q

Bessemer steel process

A

uses less coal, so it reduced the price of steel

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4
Q

Thomas Edison

A

inventor of the electric light bulb and many other devices; had a lab in New Jersey and over 1,000 patents. Edison created the first electric plant

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5
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

inventor of the telephone, by accident and spilled acid on himself and found that sound travels on a line

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6
Q

Christopher L Sholes

A

inventor of the first practical typewriter

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7
Q

Elias Howe

A

first patented the sewing machine

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8
Q

Isaac Singer

A

patented a sewing machine and continued to improve it

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9
Q

Granville T Woods

A

patented devices to improve telephone and telegraph systems

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10
Q

Margaret Knight

A

invented machines for packaging and the packaging and shoe making industries

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11
Q

corporation

A

a business owned by investors who buy part of it through shares of stock

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12
Q

shareholder

A

an investor who buys part of a company through shares of stock

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13
Q

John D Rockefeller

A

founder of the Standard Oil Trust and made his fortune by buying out other refineries

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14
Q

horizontal integration

A

buying out competition and in turn, raising the price

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15
Q

Andrew Carnigie

A

built US steel industry

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16
Q

vertical integration

A

control all processes related to manufacture

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17
Q

robber baron

A

a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods

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18
Q

monopoly

A

when a corporation owns a vast majority of the industry

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19
Q

trust

A

a kind of monopoly formed when businesses join together in order to hold stock

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20
Q

business cycle

A

the pattern of good and bad economic times

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21
Q

depression

A

a period of low economic activity

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22
Q

Gilded Age

A

the late 1800s in which there was much poverty covered by the wealthy and that there was a stigma that anyone could get wealthy through hard work

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23
Q

tenement

A

run down and overcrowded apartment houses

24
Q

slum

A

neighborhood with overcrowded apartment houses

25
Q

Jane Addams

A

urban reformer and suffrage leader who founded the Hull House

26
Q

Hull House

A

settlement house founded by Jane Addams that provided daycare, education and healthcare

27
Q

political machine

A

an illegal gang that influences enough votes to control a local gang using extortion

28
Q

Tammany Hall

A

a political machine in New York City led by William Marcy Tweed that stole money from the city

29
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

laws enacted in Southern states that affected schools, churches and swimming pools

30
Q

segregation

A

the separation of races

31
Q

Plessy v. Perguson

A

an 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the legality of segregation

32
Q

NAACP

A

the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People formed by reformers

33
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

an early leader in the effort to achieve equality; founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Washington believed that education could gain African American advancement through economic security

34
Q

W.E.B. DuBois

A

a sociology professor; believed that African Americans should fight against segregation and pushed for higher education; disagreed with Washington

35
Q

Knights of Labor

A

one of the first labor unions in the country and a loose federation of workers from different trades

36
Q

anarchist

A

people who are anti-government

37
Q

negotiate

A

to make a deal that benefits both parties

38
Q

strike

A

when workers band together to gather and refuse to work to attain better wages or working conditions

39
Q

boycott

A

to refuse to purchase a product/ use service

40
Q

assembly line

A

a system used for mass production where each worker has a part to produce a product

41
Q

conveyor belt

A

a belt that moves products along an assembly line at a constant speed

42
Q

Haymarket Affair

A

a conflict between union leaders and police, 100 were wounded and 7 were killed in Chicago in a square; union membership dropped

43
Q

Samuel Gompers

A

a famous labor leader (the AFL president for 37 years) who created the American Federation of Labor.

44
Q

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

A

a national organization of unions created by Samuel Gompers; used negotiations, strikes and boycotts to achieve aims

45
Q

Homestead Strike

A

at Andrew Carnegie’s steel plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania, wages were cut and striking union workers were locked out and nonunion labor workers and armed guards were hired; violence erupted and 7 died; after 4 months, strike broke

46
Q

Pullman Strike

A

a strike that spread throughout the rail industry in 1894; led by Eugene V Debs

47
Q

Eugene V Debs

A

called on US Railroad workers to refuse to handle Pullman cars due to cut wages and high rent; rail traffic stopped and President Cleveland ended strike

48
Q

culture

A

a belief system of a group of people and actions due to beliefs

49
Q

Joseph Pulitzer

A

newspaper owner of the New York World

50
Q

William Randolph Hearst

A

newspaper owner of the New York Morning Journal, fierce competitor of Joseph Pulitzer

51
Q

department store

A

a new type of store that sold a wide variety of goods; goods were also available through mail catalog

52
Q

Angel Island

A

Immigrant processing in San Francisco (Asians)

53
Q

Ellis Island

A

Immigrant processing in New York (Europeans)

54
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years. Chinese faced major discrimination because they were hard workers.

55
Q

J.P. Morgan

A

A banker who gave loans to RR companies and helped them join together.

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